Articles | Volume 34, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-19-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-19-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jan 2022
Research article |
| 21 Jan 2022
| 21 Jan 2022
Effect of chlorine on water incorporation in magmatic amphibole: experimental constraints with a micro-Raman spectroscopy approach
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di
Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milan, Italy
Federica Schiavi
Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas
et Volcans, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Giulia Casiraghi
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di
Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milan, Italy
Massimo Tiepolo
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di
Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milan, Italy
Patrizia Fumagalli
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di
Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milan, Italy
Related authors
Enrico Cannaò, Massimo Tiepolo, Giulio Borghini, Antonio Langone, and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 35–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amphibole–liquid partitioning of elements of geological relevance is experimentally derived at conditions compatible with those of the Earth's upper mantle. Experiments are carried out at different oxygen fugacity conditions and variable Cl content in order to investigate their influence on the amphibole–liquid partition coefficients. Our results point to the capability of amphibole to act as filter for trace elements at upper-mantle conditions, oxidized conditions, and Cl-rich environments.
Roberto Conconi, Marco Merlini, Patrizia Fumagalli, Enrico Mugnaioli, Luigi Folco, and Giancarlo Capitani
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 233–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-233-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-233-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The study of minerals at microscopic and nanoscopic scales is essential for understanding the processes behind their formation. Indeed, by examining minerals in such detail, it is possible to uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern mineral development, from crystal growth to chemical reactions, providing insights into broader geological and environmental processes. The understanding of these processes is especially crucial when minerals contain elements valuable to various industries.
Benedetta Chrappan Soldavini, Marco Merlini, Mauro Gemmi, Paola Parlanti, Patrizia Fumagalli, Sula Milani, Boby Joseph, Giorgio Bais, Maurizio Polentarutti, Alexander Kurnosov, and Stefano Poli
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 13–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-13-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-13-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The CaSiO3 system exhibits structural complexity with various polymorphs under different pressure and temperature conditions. This study stabilizes a new high-pressure polymorph, parabreyite, via multianvil syntheses at 4–5 GPa and 600–800 °C. Parabreyite's triclinic structure, with distinct threefold tetrahedral rings, was solved using 3D electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Elastic properties, thermal expansion and Raman spectra differences with breyite were analyzed.
Sula Milani, Deborah Spartà, Patrizia Fumagalli, Boby Joseph, Roberto Borghes, Valentina Chenda, Juliette Maurice, Giorgio Bais, and Marco Merlini
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 351–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-351-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-351-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents new thermoelastic parameters and the structural evolution of burbankite at high pressure and high temperature, obtained by in situ synchrotron radiation single-crystal diffraction measurements. Burbankite is a carbonate that may potentially play a key role as an upper-mantle reservoir of light REE3+. We observed that the density of burbankite is greater with respect to carbonatitic magmas, indicating a possible fractionation of this phase in upper-mantle conditions.
Roxane Buso, Didier Laporte, Federica Schiavi, Nicolas Cluzel, and Claire Fonquernie
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 325–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Magmas transport large amounts of CO2 from Earth's mantle into the atmosphere and thus contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle. We have developed an experimental method to homogenize at high pressure small liquid droplets trapped in magmatic crystals to gain access to the initial composition of the parental magma (major and volatile elements). With this technique, we show that magmas produced by melting of the subcontinental mantle contain several weight percent of CO2.
Giulio Borghini, Patrizia Fumagalli, and Elisabetta Rampone
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 109–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-109-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity of the mantle is poorly known because it is not able to be directly investigated. Melt–peridotite interaction processes play a fundamental role in controlling the mantle composition. The results of our reaction experiments help us to evaluate the role of temperature and melt composition in the modification of the mantle through the interaction with pyroxenite-derived melts with implications for the evolution of a veined mantle.
Enrico Cannaò, Massimo Tiepolo, Giulio Borghini, Antonio Langone, and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 35–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amphibole–liquid partitioning of elements of geological relevance is experimentally derived at conditions compatible with those of the Earth's upper mantle. Experiments are carried out at different oxygen fugacity conditions and variable Cl content in order to investigate their influence on the amphibole–liquid partition coefficients. Our results point to the capability of amphibole to act as filter for trace elements at upper-mantle conditions, oxidized conditions, and Cl-rich environments.
Giulio Borghini and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, 2020
Related subject area
Experimental petrology
A reliable analytical procedure to determine the carbon isotopic signature of CO2-bearing COH fluids generated in petrological experiments
Crystal structure and elastic properties of parabreyite: a new high-pressure ring silicate in the CaSiO3 system
Li diffusion in plagioclase crystals and glasses – implications for timescales of geological processes
Experimental petrology constraints on kamafugitic magmas
Chrome incorporation in high-pressure Fe–Mg oxides
Magma storage conditions of Lascar andesites, central volcanic zone, Chile
Chemical interdiffusion between Na-series tephritic and phonolitic melts with different H2O content, temperature, and oxygen fugacity values
Re-equilibration of quartz inclusions in garnet
H2 mobility and redox control in open vs. closed hydrothermal oceanic systems – evidence from serpentinization experiments
A brief history of solid inclusion piezobarometry
Li–Na interdiffusion and diffusion-driven lithium isotope fractionation in pegmatitic melts
Depth profile analyses by femtosecond laser ablation (multicollector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for resolving chemical and isotopic gradients in minerals
A revised model for activity–composition relations in solid and molten FePt alloys and a preliminary model for characterization of oxygen fugacity in high-pressure experiments
Elasticity of mixtures and implications for piezobarometry of mixed-phase inclusions
In situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction of olivine inclusion in diamond from Shandong, China: implications for the depth of diamond formation
One-atmosphere high-temperature CO–CO2–SO2 gas-mixing furnace: design, operation, and applications
CO2 diffusion in dry and hydrous leucititic melt
Melting relations of Ca–Mg carbonates and trace element signature of carbonate melts up to 9 GPa – a proxy for melting of carbonated mantle lithologies
High-pressure homogenization of olivine-hosted CO2-rich melt inclusions in a piston cylinder: insight into the volatile content of primary mantle melts
Carbon-saturated COH fluids in the upper mantle: a review of high-pressure and high-temperature ex situ experiments
The influence of oxygen fugacity and chlorine on amphibole–liquid trace element partitioning at upper-mantle conditions
A combined Fourier transform infrared and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy study of the substitution and diffusion of H in Cr-doped forsterite
Grain boundary diffusion and its relation to segregation of multiple elements in yttrium aluminum garnet
Melting relations of anhydrous olivine-free pyroxenite Px1 at 2 GPa
Breyite inclusions in diamond: experimental evidence for possible dual origin
Luca Toffolo, Luca Minopoli, Elena Ferrari, and Simone Tumiati
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 25–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-25-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-25-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method to analyze carbon isotopes in tiny amounts of CO2 produced during experiments that simulate conditions deep within the Earth. Using advanced tools, we measured both the composition and isotopic signature of CO2 in carbon-bearing fluids. This enables new studies of carbon exchange between rocks and fluids under extreme conditions, offering new insights into processes driving the deep carbon cycle and, ultimately, controlling the climate of our planet.
Benedetta Chrappan Soldavini, Marco Merlini, Mauro Gemmi, Paola Parlanti, Patrizia Fumagalli, Sula Milani, Boby Joseph, Giorgio Bais, Maurizio Polentarutti, Alexander Kurnosov, and Stefano Poli
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 13–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-13-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-13-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The CaSiO3 system exhibits structural complexity with various polymorphs under different pressure and temperature conditions. This study stabilizes a new high-pressure polymorph, parabreyite, via multianvil syntheses at 4–5 GPa and 600–800 °C. Parabreyite's triclinic structure, with distinct threefold tetrahedral rings, was solved using 3D electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Elastic properties, thermal expansion and Raman spectra differences with breyite were analyzed.
Florian Pohl, Harald Behrens, Martin Oeser, Felix Marxer, and Ralf Dohmen
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 985–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The growing interest in lithium (Li) diffusion for the determination of timescales of magmatic events increases the necessity to better understand Li diffusion in common mineral phases. In this context we analyzed Li diffusion in plagioclase, one of the most common mineral phases. Our study is the first to confirm two diffusion mechanisms for Li in plagioclase, and our results indicate timescales derived from Li diffusion data in previous studies were underestimated by a factor of up to 100.
Francesca Innocenzi, Isra S. Ezad, Sara Ronca, Samuele Agostini, Michele Lustrino, and Stephen F. Foley
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 899–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-899-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-899-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Kamafugites are rare ultrabasic/basic K2O-rich rocks. High-pressure–high-temperature experiments on four samples from the known type localities (Italy, Brazil, Uganda) constrained their melting assemblage, unlike a classical peridotite. Clinopyroxene and phlogopite are the first near-liquidus phases. Olivine appears in two runs. The different abundances of the main phases and the variable contribution of apatite, oxides and titanite explain the variegated kamafugite geochemical features.
Alan B. Woodland, Katrin Schumann, Laura Uenver-Thiele, Kevin Rosbach, Tiziana Boffa Ballaran, Caterina Melai, and Elena Bykova
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 845–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-845-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-845-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We experimentally investigated the behavior of chrome in high-pressure post-spinel oxide phases. Only minor amounts of Cr can be incorporated into Fe5O6. But there is full solid solution between Fe4O5 and Fe2Cr2O5 and Mg2Fe2O5 and Mg2Cr2O5, in spite of a phase transition occurring in the middle of the compositional range. Our results provide further constraints on the formation of such oxide phases in extraterrestrial materials and inclusions in natural diamonds.
André Stechern, Magdalena Blum-Oeste, Roman E. Botcharnikov, François Holtz, and Gerhard Wörner
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 721–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lascar volcano, located in northern Chile, is among the most active volcanoes of the Andes. Its activity culminated in the last major explosive eruption in April 1993. We carried out experiments at high temperatures (up to 1050 °C) and pressures (up to 5000 bar) in the lab, and we used a wide variety of geochemical methods to provide comprehensive constraints on the depth and temperature of the magma chamber beneath Lascar volcano.
Diego González-García, Florian Pohl, Felix Marxer, Stepan Krasheninnikov, Renat Almeev, and François Holtz
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 623–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the exchange of chemical elements by diffusion between magmas of tephritic and phonolitic composition from the Canary Islands, performing experiments at high pressure and high temperature with different amounts of added water. Our results characterize the way water and temperature affect the diffusion process, and we also find unexpectedly high mobility of aluminium, which may be related to its variable chemical bonding in highly alkaline melts.
Benjamin A. Pummell and Jay B. Thomas
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 581–597, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mechanical interaction between quartz inclusions in garnet creates residual pressure in the inclusion used to calculate the pressure and temperature where the two minerals formed. We crystallised quartz and garnet at high pressure and temperature and then adjusted the experimental pressure to observe the interaction between the quartz inclusions and garnet host. The quartz and garnet adjust to the new experimental pressures, reset inclusion pressures, and no longer match entrapment conditions.
Colin Fauguerolles, Teddy Castelain, Johan Villeneuve, and Michel Pichavant
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 555–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-555-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-555-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To explore the influence of the redox state of the environment on the serpentinization reaction, we have developed an original experimental setup. Reducing conditions, leading to the formation of serpentine and magnetite, and oxidizing conditions, leading to the formation of serpentine and hematite, are discussed in terms of analogues of low- and high-permeability hydrothermal systems, respectively. The influence of the redox on brucite stability and hydrogen production is also established.
Ross J. Angel, Matteo Alvaro, and Silvio Ferrero
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 411–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inclusions in natural rocks are an invaluable asset for geoscientists because they provide information about processes in the Earth's history that are otherwise hidden or subsequently overprinted. In this paper we review the development over the last 200 years of the concepts and methods to measure the remnant pressures in mineral inclusions and how they can be used to determine pressures and temperatures at which the inclusions were formed deep within the Earth.
Christian R. Singer, Harald Behrens, Ingo Horn, Martin Oeser, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1009–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Li is a critical element that is often enriched in pegmatites. To better understand the enrichment of Li in such systems, it is necessary to understand the underlying transport mechanisms. We performed experiments to investigate diffusion rates and exchange mechanisms of Li between a Li-rich and a Li-poor melt at high temperature and pressure. Our results indicate that fluxing elements do not increase the diffusivity of Li compared to a flux-free melt.
Martin Oeser, Ingo Horn, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 813–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new method designed to analyze micrometer-scale chemical and isotopic profiles in minerals, glasses, and other solids. The employed technique combines plasma mass spectrometers and a state-of-the-art femtosecond laser equipped with open-source software (LinuxCNC) that controls the movement of the laser beam. It allows for equably drilling into the sample surface, e.g., in order to measure chemically or isotopically zoned or heterogeneous materials at micrometer scales.
Marc M. Hirschmann and Hongluo L. Zhang
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 789–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We calibrate new models for the properties of solid and liquid FePt alloy. FePt alloy is used in experiments investigating the origin, differentiation, and evolution of planets to characterize oxygen fugacity. The new models facilitate use of FePt for more extreme conditions than has been possible previously. We also describe shortcomings in the present knowledge of FePt alloy properties and highlight strategies that could improve such knowledge.
Ross J. Angel, Mattia L. Mazzucchelli, Kira A. Musiyachenko, Fabrizio Nestola, and Matteo Alvaro
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 461–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the thermodynamic theory of the properties of inclusions consisting of more than one phase, including inclusions containing solids plus a fluid. We present a software utility that enables for the first time the entrapment conditions of multiphase inclusions to be determined from the measurement of their internal pressure when that is measured in a laboratory.
Yanjuan Wang, Fabrizio Nestola, Huaikun Li, Zengqian Hou, Martha G. Pamato, Davide Novella, Alessandra Lorenzetti, Pia Antonietta Antignani, Paolo Cornale, Jacopo Nava, Guochen Dong, and Kai Qu
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 361–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-361-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-361-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we have applied the elastic geobarometry approach to a Chinese diamond in order to determine the depth of formation of an olivine-bearing diamond. Together with the temperature of residence at which the diamond resided in the mantle, we were able to discover that the diamond was formed at about 190 km depth. Beyond the geological meaning of our results, this work could be a reference paper for future works on Chinese diamonds using elastic geobarometry.
Shashank Prabha-Mohan, Kenneth T. Koga, Antoine Mathieu, Franck Pointud, and Diego F. Narvaez
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 321–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-321-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents an in-depth description of a new design for a high-temperature gas-mixing furnace using a mixture of CO–CO2–SO2. It has been designed and built with user safety in mind. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 °C. This furnace sets itself apart with its size and unique quench mechanism. Crucially, the apparatus has the ability to change the gas mixture during an experiment. This feature allows the user to simulate natural environments, such as volcanoes.
Lennart Koch and Burkhard C. Schmidt
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 117–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile diffusivities in silicate melts control the nucleation and growth of bubbles in ascending magma. We investigated the diffusion of CO2 in an anhydrous and hydrous leucititic melt at high temperatures and high pressure. CO2 diffusion profiles were measured via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CO2 diffusion increases with increasing temperature and water content. The data can be used to understand the CO2 degassing behaviour of leucititic melts.
Melanie J. Sieber, Max Wilke, Oona Appelt, Marcus Oelze, and Monika Koch-Müller
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 411–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonates reduce the melting point of the mantle, and carbonate melts produced in low-degree melting of a carbonated mantle are considered the precursor of CO2-rich magmas. We established experimentally the melting relations of carbonates up to 9 GPa, showing that Mg-carbonates melt incongruently to periclase and carbonate melt. The trace element signature of carbonate melts parental to kimberlites is approached by melting of Mg-rich carbonates.
Roxane Buso, Didier Laporte, Federica Schiavi, Nicolas Cluzel, and Claire Fonquernie
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 325–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Magmas transport large amounts of CO2 from Earth's mantle into the atmosphere and thus contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle. We have developed an experimental method to homogenize at high pressure small liquid droplets trapped in magmatic crystals to gain access to the initial composition of the parental magma (major and volatile elements). With this technique, we show that magmas produced by melting of the subcontinental mantle contain several weight percent of CO2.
Carla Tiraboschi, Francesca Miozzi, and Simone Tumiati
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 59–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-59-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-59-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This review provides an overview of ex situ carbon-saturated COH fluid experiments at upper-mantle conditions. Several authors experimentally investigated the effect of COH fluids. However, fluid composition is rarely tackled as a quantitative issue, and rather infrequently fluids are analyzed as the associated solid phases in the experimental assemblage. Recently, improved techniques have been proposed for analyses of COH fluids, leading to significant advancement in fluid characterization.
Enrico Cannaò, Massimo Tiepolo, Giulio Borghini, Antonio Langone, and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 35–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amphibole–liquid partitioning of elements of geological relevance is experimentally derived at conditions compatible with those of the Earth's upper mantle. Experiments are carried out at different oxygen fugacity conditions and variable Cl content in order to investigate their influence on the amphibole–liquid partition coefficients. Our results point to the capability of amphibole to act as filter for trace elements at upper-mantle conditions, oxidized conditions, and Cl-rich environments.
Michael C. Jollands, Hugh St.C. O'Neill, Andrew J. Berry, Charles Le Losq, Camille Rivard, and Jörg Hermann
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 113–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How, and how fast, does hydrogen move through crystals? We consider this question by adding hydrogen, by diffusion, to synthetic crystals of olivine doped with trace amounts of chromium. Even in a highly simplified system, the behaviour of hydrogen is complex. Hydrogen can move into and through the crystal using various pathways (different defects within the crystal) and hop between these pathways too.
Joana Polednia, Ralf Dohmen, and Katharina Marquardt
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 675–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Grain boundary diffusion is orders of magnitude faster compared to volume diffusion. We studied this fast transport process in a well-defined garnet grain boundary. State-of-the-art microscopy was used for quantification. A dedicated numerical diffusion model shows that iron diffusion requires the operation of two diffusion modes, one fast, one slow. We conclude that impurity bulk diffusion in garnet aggregates is always dominated by grain boundary diffusion.
Giulio Borghini and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, 2020
Alan B. Woodland, Andrei V. Girnis, Vadim K. Bulatov, Gerhard P. Brey, and Heidi E. Höfer
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We experimentally explored direct entrapment of breyite (CaSiO3) by diamond at upper-mantle conditions in a model subducted sediment rather than formation by retrogression of CaSiO3 perovskite, implying a deeper origin. Anhydrous low-T melting of CaCO3+SiO2 precludes breyite formation. Under hydrous conditions, reduction of melt results in graphite with breyite. Thus, breyite inclusions in natural diamond may form from aragonite + coesite or carbonate melt at 6–8 GPa via reduction with water.
Cited articles
Adam, J. and Green, T. H.: The effects of pressure and temperature on the
partitioning of Ti, Sr and REE between amphibole, clinopyroxene and
basanitic melts, Chem. Geol., 117, 219–233, 1994.
Adam, J., Oberti, R., Cámara, F., and Green, T. H.: An electron
microprobe, LAM-ICP-MS and single-crystal X-ray structure refinement study
of the effects of pressure, melt-H2O concentration and fO2 on
experimentally produced basaltic amphiboles, Eur. J. Mineral., 19, 641–655, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1750,
2007.
Benard, A., Koga, K. T., Shimizu, N., Kendrick, M. A., Ionov, D. A., Nebel,
O., and Arculus, R. J.: Chlorine and fluorine partition coefficients and
abundances in sub-arc mantle xenoliths (Kamchatka, Russia): Implications for
melt generation and volatile recycling processes in subduction zones,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 199, 324–350, 2017.
Bolfan-Casanova, N., Montagnac, G., and Reynard, B.: Measurement of water
contents in olivine using Raman spectroscopy, Am. Mineral., 99, 149–156,
2014.
Campbell, I. and Schenk, E. T.: Camptonite Dikes Near Boulder Dam, Arizona,
Am. Mineral., 35, 671–692, 1950.
Cannaò E., Tiepolo, M., Borghini, G., Langone, A., and Fumagalli, P.: The
influence of oxygen fugacity and chlorine on amphibole/liquid trace element
partitioning at upper mantle conditions, Eur. J. Mineral.,
accepted, 2022.
Cawthorn, R. G.: The amphibole peridotite-metagabbro complex, Finero,
northern Italy, J. Geol., 83, 437–454, 1975.
Clowe, C. A., Popp, R. K, and Fritz, S. J.: Experimental investigation of the
effect of oxygen fugacity on ferric-ferrous ratios and unit-cell parameters
of four natural clinoamphiboles, Am. Mineral., 73, 487–499, 1988.
Coltorti, M., Bonadiman, C., Faccini, B., Grégoire, M., O'Reilly, S. Y.,
and Powell, W.: Amphiboles from suprasubduction and intraplate lithospheric
mantle, Lithos, 99, 68–84, 2007.
Dalou, C., Koga, K. T., Le Voyer, M., and Shimizu, N.: Contrasting partition behavior of F and Cl during hydrous mantle melting: implications for
Dautria, J. M., Liotard, J. M., Cabanes, N., Girod, M., and Briqueu L.:
Amphibole-rich xenoliths and host alkali basalts: petrogenetic constraints
and implications on the recent evolution of the upper mantle beneath Ahaggar
(Central Sahara, Southern Algeria), Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 95, 133–144,
1987.
Davidson, J., Turner, S., Handley, H., Macpherson, C., and Dosseto, A.:
Amphibole “sponge” in arc crust?, Geology, 35, 787–790,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G23637A.1, 2007.
Dawson, J. B. and Smith, J. V.: Upper mantle amphiboles: a review, Mineral.
Mag., 45, 35–46, 1982.
Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J. (Eds.): Double chain silicates
(Rock-forming minerals), v. 2B, 2nd
edition, Geological Society of London, 1997.
Demény, A., Vennemann, T. W., Homonnay, Z., Milton, A., Embey-Isztin,
A., and Nagy, G.: Origin of amphibole megacrysts in the Pliocene-Pleistocene
basalts of the Carpathian-Pannonian region, Geolog. Carpath., 56,
179–189, 2005.
Demény, A., Vennemann, T. W., Harangi, S., Homonnay, Z., and Fórizs,
I.: H2O-δD-FeIII relations of dehydrogenation and dehydration
processes in magmatic amphiboles, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20,
919–925, 2006.
Dyar, M. D., McGuire, A. V., and Mackwell, S. J.:
Ernst, W. G.: Petrochemical study of lherzolitic rocks from the Western Alps,
J. Petrol., 19, 341–392, 1978.
Fabriès, J., Figuero, O., and Lorand, J. P.: Petrology and Thermal History of Highly Deformed Mantle Xenoliths from the Montferrier Basanites, Languedoc, Southern France: A Comparison with Ultramafic Complexes from the North Pyrenean Zone, J. Petrol., 28, 887–919, 1987.
Field, S. W., Haggerty, S. E., and Erlank, A. J.: Subcontinental metasomatism
in the region of Jagersfontein, South Africa, in: Kimberlites and related
rocks, Geological Society of Australia, Special Publications, 14, 771–783,
1989.
Francis, D. M.: The origin of amphibole in lherzolite xenoliths from Nunivak
Island, Alaska, J. Petrol., 17, 357–378, 1976.
Frezzotti, M. L., Ferrando, S., Peccerillo, A., Petrelli, M., Tecce, F., and
Perucchi, A.: Chlorine-rich metasomatic H2O–CO2 fluids in amphibole-bearing
peridotites from Injibara (Lake Tana region, Ethiopian plateau): nature and
evolution of volatiles in the mantle of a region of continental flood
basalts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 3023–3039, 2010.
Ganguly, J. and Newton, R. C.: Thermal stability of chloritoid at high
pressure and relatively high oxygen fugacity, J. Petrol., 9, 444–466, 1968.
Giesting, P. A, and Filiberto, J.: The formation environment of
potassic-chloro-hastingsite in the nakhlites MIL 03346 and pairs and NWA
5790: Insights from terrestrial chloro-amphibole, Meteorit. Planet.
Sci., 51, 2127–2153, 2016.
Green D. H.: The petrogenesis of the high temperature peridotite intrusion in
the Lizard Area, Cornwall, J. Petrol., 5, 134–188, 1964.
Griffin, W. L., Wass, S. Y., and Hollis, J. D.: Ultramafic Xenoliths from Bullenmerri and Gnotuk Maars, Victoria, Australia: Petrology of a Sub-Continental Crust-Mantle Transition, J. Petrol., 25, 53–87, 1984.
Hauri, E. H., Gaetani, G. A., and Green, T. H.: Partitioning of water during
melting of the Earth's upper mantle at H2O-undersaturated conditions, Earth
Planet. Sc. Lett., 248, 715–734, 2006.
Hawthorne, F. C. and Oberti, R.: Amphiboles: Crystal Chemistry, Rev. Mineral.
Geochem., 67, 1–54, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501508523-002, 2007.
Hawthorne, F. C., Oberti, R., Zanetti, A., and Czamanske, G. K.: The role of
Ti in hydrogen-deficient amphiboles: sodic-calcic and sodic amphiboles from
Coyote Peak, California, Can. Mineral., 36, 1253–1265, 1998.
Hawthorne, F. C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G. E., Maresch, W. V., Martin, R. F.,
Schumacher, J. C., and Welch, M. D.: Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup,
Am. Mineral., 97, 2031–2048, 2012.
Henry, D. J. and Daigle, N. M.: Chlorine incorporation into amphibole and
biotite in high-grade iron-formations: Interplay between crystallography and
metamorphic fluids, Am. Mineral., 103, 55–68, 2018.
Ionov, D. A. and Hofmann, A. W.: Nb-Ta-rich mantle amphiboles and micas:
Implications for subduction-related metasomatic trace element
fractionations, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 131, 341–356, 1995.
Johannes, W. and Bode, B:. Loss of iron to the Pt-container in melting
experiments with basalts and a method to reduce it, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 67, 221–225, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01046578, 1978.
King, P. L., Hervig, R. L., Holloway, J. R., Venneman, T. W., and Righter, K.:
Oxy-substitution and dehydrogenation in mantle-derived amphibole megacrysts,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 63, 3635–3651, 1999.
Leake, B. E., Woolley, A. R., Arps, C. E. S., Birch, W. D., Gilbert, M. C., Grice,
J. D., Hawthorne, F. C., Kato, A., Kisch, H. J., Krivovichev, V. G., Linthout,
K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J. A., Maresch, W. V., Nickel, E. H., Rock, N. M. S.,
Schumacher, J. C., Smith, D. C., Stephenson, N. C. N., Ungaretti, L., Whittaker,
E. J. W., and Youzhi, G.: Nomenclature Of Amphiboles: Report Of The
Subcommittee On Amphiboles Of The International Mineralogical Association,
Commission On New Minerals And Mineral Names, Can. Mineral., 35, 219–246,
1997.
Leissner, L., Schlüter, J., Horn, I., and Mihailova, B.: Exploring the
potential of Raman spectroscopy for crystallochemical analyses of complex
hydrous silicates: I. Amphiboles, Am. Mineral., 100, 2682–2694, 2015.
Li, X., Zhang, C., Behrens, H., and Holtz, F.: Calculating amphibole formula
from electron microprobe analysis data using a machine learning method based
on principal components regression, Lithos, 362–363, 105469,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105469, 2020.
Libowitzky, E. and Rossman, G. R.: Principles of quantitative absorbance
measurements in anisotropic crystals, Phys. Chem. Miner., 23, 319–327, 1996.
Mandler, B. E. and Grove T. L.: Controls on the stability and composition of
amphibole in the Earth's mantle, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 171, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1281-5,
2016.
Marocchi, M., Hermann, J., and Morten, L.: Evidence for multi-stage
metasomatism of chlorite-amphibole peridotites (Ulten Zone, Italy):
Constraints from trace element compositions of hydrous phases, Lithos, 99,
85–104, 2007.
Martinek, L. and Bolfan-Casanova, N.: Water quantification in olivine and
wadsleyite by Raman spectroscopy and study of errors and uncertainties, Am.
Mineral., 106, 570–580, 2021.
Matjuschkin, V., Brooker, R. A., Tattitch, B., Blundy, J. D., and Stamper,
C. C.: Control and monitoring of oxygen fugacity in piston cylinder
experiments, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 169, 9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1105-z, 2015.
Mayer, B., Jung, S., Romer, R. L., Pfänder, J. A., Klügel, A., Pack,
A., and Gröner, E.: Amphibole in alkaline basalts from intraplate
settings: implications for the petrogenesis of alkaline lavas from the
metasomatised lithospheric mantle, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 167, 989, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-0989-3,
2014.
Médard, E. and Grove T. L.: The effect of H2O on the olivine liquidus of
basaltic melts: experiments and thermodynamic models, Contrib. Mineral.
Petrol., 155, 417–432, 2008.
Medaris, L. G.: Petrogenesis of the Lien Peridotite and associated eclogites,
Almklovdalen, Western Norway, Lithos, 13, 339–153, 1980.
Medaris, L. G.: A geothermobarometric investigation of garnet peridotites in
the western gneiss region of Norway, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 72–86,
1984.
O'Reilly, S. Y. and Griffin, W. L.: Mantle metasomatism beneath western
Victoria, Australia: I. Metasomatic processes in Cr-diopside lherzolites,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 52, 433–447, 1988.
Obata, M.: The Ronda peridotite: garnet-, spinel-, and plagioclase-lherzolite
facies and the P−T trajectories of a high temperature mantle intrusion, J.
Petrol., 21, 533–572, 1980.
Obata, M. and Morten, L.: Transformation of spinel lherzolite to garnet
lherzolite in ultramafic lenses of the Austridic Crystalline Complex,
northern Italy, J. Petrol., 28, 599–623, 1987.
Oberti, R., Ungaretti, L., Cannillo, E., and Hawthorne, F. C.: The mechanism
of Cl incorporation in amphibole, Am. Mineral., 78, 746–752, 1993.
Oberti, R., Hawthorne, F. C., Cannillo, E., and Cámara, F.: Long-Range
Order in Amphiboles, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 67, 125–171, 2007.
Peters, S. T., Troll, V. R., Weis, F. A., Dallai, L., Chadwick, J. P., and
Schulz, B.: Amphibole megacrysts as a probe into the deep plumbing system of
Merapi volcano, Central Java, Indonesia, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 172,
16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-017-1338-0, 2017.
Piper, D. J., Pe-Piper, G., Anastasakis, G., and Reith, W.: The volcanic
history of Pyrgousa – volcanism before the eruption of the Kos Plateau Tuff,
B. Volcanol., 81, 32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1290-0, 2019.
Popp, R. K., Virgo, D., Yoder Jr., H. S., Hoering, T. C., and Phillips, M. W.:
An experimental study of phase equilibria and Fe oxy-component in
kaersutitic amphibole: Implications for the fH2 and aH2O in the upper
mantle, Am. Mineral., 80, 534–548, 1995a.
Popp, R. K., Virgo, D., and Phillips, M. W.: H deficiency in kaersutitic
amphiboles: Experimental verification, Am. Mineral., 80, 1347–1350,
1995b.
Popp, R. K., Hibbert, H. A., and Lamb, W. M.: Oxy-amphibole equilibria in
Ti-bearing calcic amphiboles: Experimental investigation and petrologic
implications for mantle-derived amphiboles, Am. Mineral., 91, 54–66,
2006.
Press, S., Witt, G., Seck, H. A., Ionov, D., and Kovalenko, V. I.: Spinel
peridotite xenoliths from the Tariat Depression, Mongolia. I. Major element
chemistry and mineralogy of a primitive mantle xenolith suite, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 50, 2587–2599, 1986.
Rampone, E. and Morten, L.: Records of crustal metasomatism in the garnet
peridotites of the Ulten Zone (Upper Austroalpine, Eastern Alps), J.
Petrol., 42.1, 207–219, 2001.
Schiavi, F., Bolfan-Casanova, N., Withers, A. C., Médard, E., Laumonier,
M., Laporte, D., and Gómez-Ulla, A.: Water quantification in silicate
glasses by Raman spectroscopy: Correcting for the effects of confocality,
density and ferric iron, Chem. Geol., 483, 312–331, 2018.
Schmidt, M. W. and Ulmer, P: A rocking multianvil: elimination of chemical
segregation in fluid-saturated high-pressure experiments, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 68, 1889–1899, 2004.
Seyler, M. and Mattson, P. H.: Petrology and thermal evolution of the
Tinaquillo peridotite (Venezuela), J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7629–7660, 1989.
Shannon, R. D.: Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of
interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A Cryst. Phys. Diffr. Theor. Gen. Crystallogr.,
32, 751–767, 1976.
Smith, D. J.: Clinopyroxene precursors to amphibole sponge in arc crust, Nat.
Comm., 5, 4329, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5329, 2014.
Takahashi, E.: Thermal history of lherzolite xenoliths. I. Petrology of
lherzolite xenoliths from the Ichinomegata crater, Oga Peninsula, northeast
Japan, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 44, 1643–1658, 1980.
Thomas, S. M., Thomas, R., Davidson, P., Reichart, P.,
Koch-Müller, M., and Dollinger, G.: Application of Raman
spectroscopy to quantify trace water concentrations in glasses and garnets,
Am. Mineral., 93, 1550–1557, 2008.
Tiepolo, M.: Determinazione sperimentale dei coefficienti di distribuzione
solido/liquido in anfiboli di mantello: ruolo del controllo
cristallochimico, PhD Thesis, Università di Pavia, 314 pp., 1999 (in Italian).
Tiepolo, M., Zanetti, A., and Oberti, R.: Detection, crystal-chemical
mechanism and petrological implications of [6]Ti4+ partitioning in
pargasite and kaersutite, Eur. J. Mineral., 11, 345–354, https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/11/2/0345, 1999.
Tiepolo, M., Vannucci, R., Bottazzi, P., Oberti, R., Zanetti, A., and Foley,
S.: Partitioning of rare earth elements, Y, Th, U, and Pb between pargasite,
kaersutite, and basanite to trachyte melts: Implications for percolated and
veined mantle, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 1, 1039, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GC000064, 2000.
Ulmer, P. and Luth, R. W.: The graphite-COH fluid equilibrium in P, T,
fO2 space: An experimental determination to 30 kbar and 1600 ∘C, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 106, 265–272, 1991.
Van den Bleeken, G. and Koga, K. T.: Experimentally determined distribution
of fluorine and chlorine upon hydrous slab melting, and implications for
F–Cl cycling through subduction zones, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 171,
353–373, 2015.
Vannucci, R., Piccardo, G. B., Rivalenti, G., Zanetti, A., Rampone, E.,
Ottolini, L., Oberti, R., Mazzucchelli, M., and Bottazzi, P.: Origin of
LREE-depleted amphiboles in the subcontinental mantle, Geochim. Cosmochim.
Ac., 59, 1763–1771, 1995.
Varne, R.: Hornblende lherzolite and the upper mantle, Contrib. Mineral.
Petrol., 27, 45–51, 1970.
Wedepohl, K. H.: Die chemische Zussamensetzung der basaltischen Gesteine der
nordlichen Hessichen Senke und ihrer Umgebung, Geol. Jahrb. Hessen, 111,
261–302, 1983.
Weis, F. A., Lazor, P., and Skogby, H.: Hydrogen analysis in nominally
anhydrous minerals by transmission Raman spectroscopy, Phys. Chem. Miner.,
45, 597–607, 2018.
Short summary
Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms ruling water incorporation in amphibole is essential to understand how much water can be fixed at upper-mantle conditions by this mineral. We provide the experimental evidence of the Cl effect on the oxo-substitution and the incorporation of water in amphibole. Finally, we highlight the versatility of confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool to quantify water in amphibole.
Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms ruling water incorporation in amphibole is essential to...
