Articles | Volume 35, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Elasticity of mixtures and implications for piezobarometry of mixed-phase inclusions
IGG CNR, Via Giovanni Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padua, Italy
Mattia L. Mazzucchelli
Mainz Institute of Multiscale Modelling and Institute of Geosciences,
Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, J.-J.-Becher-Weg 21, 55128 Mainz,
Germany
Kira A. Musiyachenko
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia,
Via A. Ferrata, 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
current address: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences,
University of British Columbia, 2020–2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 BC, Canada
Fabrizio Nestola
Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Giovanni
Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padua, Italy
Matteo Alvaro
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia,
Via A. Ferrata, 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Inclusions in natural rocks are an invaluable asset for geoscientists because they provide information about processes in the Earth's history that are otherwise hidden or subsequently overprinted. In this paper we review the development over the last 200 years of the concepts and methods to measure the remnant pressures in mineral inclusions and how they can be used to determine pressures and temperatures at which the inclusions were formed deep within the Earth.
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The discovery of the K-dominant tourmaline maruyamaite with microdiamond inclusions suggested its ultrahigh-pressure formation. We analyzed the role of K in the tourmaline structure, with a special focus on its stability. High pressure is necessary to squeeze the large cation K+ in the stiff framework of tourmaline, although K is the underdog component if Na+ is present in the mineralizing fluid. K-tourmaline is stable at high pressure, overcoming the stereotype of a mere crustal component.
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In this work we have applied the elastic geobarometry approach to a Chinese diamond in order to determine the depth of formation of an olivine-bearing diamond. Together with the temperature of residence at which the diamond resided in the mantle, we were able to discover that the diamond was formed at about 190 km depth. Beyond the geological meaning of our results, this work could be a reference paper for future works on Chinese diamonds using elastic geobarometry.
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Bobtraillite is an extremely rare cyclosilicate with a unique composition and complex structure. In this paper, we describe the second occurrence of the extremely rare complex zirconium silicate. The results suggest that the ideal formula of bobtraillite could be written as (Na, □)12(□, Na)12Sr12Zr14(Si3O9)10[Si2BO7(OH)2]6·12H2O.
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We determined the physical conditions at the time of its entrapment for an inclusion pair hosted in a Siberian diamond (Udachnaya kimberlite) and found that it equilibrated under relatively oxidized conditions, near the enstatite–magnesite–olivine–diamond (EMOD) buffer, similarly to Udachnaya xenoliths originating from comparable depths. These results can be reconciled with models suggesting relatively oxidized, water-rich CHO fluids as the most likely parents for lithospheric diamonds.
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Short summary
We have developed the thermodynamic theory of the properties of inclusions consisting of more than one phase, including inclusions containing solids plus a fluid. We present a software utility that enables for the first time the entrapment conditions of multiphase inclusions to be determined from the measurement of their internal pressure when that is measured in a laboratory.
We have developed the thermodynamic theory of the properties of inclusions consisting of more...