Articles | Volume 33, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-463-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-463-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 12 Aug 2021
| 12 Aug 2021
Intracrystalline melt migration in deformed olivine revealed by trace element compositions and polyphase solid inclusions
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,
dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e
dell'Ambiente, University of Pavia, Adolfo Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
Martyn R. Drury
Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
Oliver Plumper
Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
Eric Hellebrand
Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
Laura Crispini
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,
dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, Italy
Fabrice Barou
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France
Marguerite Godard
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier,
Montpellier, France
Elisabetta Rampone
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,
dell'Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, Italy
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2653, 2024
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A better understanding of ice flow requires more observational data. The EastGRIP core is the first ice core through an active ice stream. We discuss crystal orientation data to determine the present deformation regimes. A comparison with other deep ice cores shows the unique properties of EastGRIP and that deep ice originates from the Eemian. We further show that the overall plug flow of NEGIS is characterised by many small-scale variations, which remain to be considered in ice-flow models.
Silvia Fornasaro, Paola Comodi, Laura Crispini, Sandro Zappatore, Azzurra Zucchini, and Pietro Marescotti
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1091–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1091-2023, 2023
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Using an innovative multi-analytical approach, we investigated the trace elements composition of spinel-group minerals in different ultramafic rocks from the Voltri Massif (Central Liguria, NW Italy). The knowledge of the trace elements within these minerals has an interesting implication both in petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies as well as environmental fields, since these elements can be potentially toxic and released into the environment during weathering processes.
Hafiz U. Rehman, Takanori Kagoshima, Naoto Takahata, Yuji Sano, Fabrice Barou, David Mainprice, and Hiroshi Yamamoto
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1079–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1079-2023, 2023
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Zircon preserves geologic rock history. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis is useful to visualize deformed domains in zircons. Zircons from the Himalayan high-pressure eclogites were analzyed for EBSD to identify intra-grain plastic deformation. The U–Pb isotope age dating, using Nano-SIMS, showed that plastic deformation likely affects the geochronological records. For geologically meaningful results, it is necessary to identify undisturbed domains in zircon via EBSD.
Thierry Decrausaz, Marguerite Godard, Manuel D. Menzel, Fleurice Parat, Emilien Oliot, Romain Lafay, and Fabrice Barou
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 171–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-171-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-171-2023, 2023
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The carbonation of peridotites occurs during the fluxing of reactive CO2-bearing fluids, ultimately producing listvenites (magnesite and quartz assemblage). We studied the most extended outcrops of listvenites worldwide, found at the base of the Semail Ophiolite (Oman). Our study highlights the partitioning of iron during early pervasive carbonation revealed by chemical zoning in matrix magnesites, and we discuss the conditions favoring the formation of Fe-rich magnesite.
Manuel D. Menzel, Janos L. Urai, Estibalitz Ukar, Thierry Decrausaz, and Marguerite Godard
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Mantle rocks can bind large quantities of carbon by reaction with CO2, but this capacity requires fluid pathways not to be clogged by carbonate. We studied mantle rocks from Oman to understand the mechanisms allowing their transformation into carbonate and quartz. Using advanced imaging techniques, we show that abundant veins were essential fluid pathways driving the reaction. Our results show that tectonic stress was important for fracture opening and a key ingredient for carbon fixation.
Mathieu Rospabé, Fatma Kourim, Akihiro Tamura, Eiichi Takazawa, Manolis Giampouras, Sayantani Chatterjee, Keisuke Ishii, Matthew J. Cooper, Marguerite Godard, Elliot Carter, Natsue Abe, Kyaw Moe, Damon A. H. Teagle, and Oman Drilling Project “ChikyuOman2018 Leg 3” Science
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Sci. Dril., 30, 75–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-75-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-75-2022, 2022
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During ChikyuOman2018 Leg3, we adapted a sample preparation and analytical procedure in order to analyse (ultra-)trace element concentrations using the D/V Chikyu on-board instrumentation. This dry (acid-free) and safe method has been developed for the determination of 37 elements (lowest reachable concentrations: 1–2 ppb) in igneous rocks from the oceanic lithosphere and could be adapted to other materials and/or chemicals of interest in the course of future ocean drilling operations.
Giulio Borghini, Patrizia Fumagalli, and Elisabetta Rampone
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 109–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-109-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-109-2022, 2022
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The mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity of the mantle is poorly known because it is not able to be directly investigated. Melt–peridotite interaction processes play a fundamental role in controlling the mantle composition. The results of our reaction experiments help us to evaluate the role of temperature and melt composition in the modification of the mantle through the interaction with pyroxenite-derived melts with implications for the evolution of a veined mantle.
Susumu Umino, Gregory F. Moore, Brian Boston, Rosalind Coggon, Laura Crispini, Steven D'Hondt, Michael O. Garcia, Takeshi Hanyu, Frieder Klein, Nobukazu Seama, Damon A. H. Teagle, Masako Tominaga, Mikiya Yamashita, Michelle Harris, Benoit Ildefonse, Ikuo Katayama, Yuki Kusano, Yohey Suzuki, Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert, Yasuhiro Yamada, Natsue Abe, Nan Xiao, and Fumio Inagaki
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Arianne J. Petley-Ragan, Oliver Plümper, Benoit Ildefonse, and Bjørn Jamtveit
Solid Earth, 12, 959–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-959-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-959-2021, 2021
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Earthquakes cause rapid deformation that has long-term effects on the Earth's crust. We studied the most abundant mineral, feldspar, in the vicinity of an earthquake to unravel its deformation history. With microscopy, we found internal nm-scale structures that indicate a history of high stress and destruction of atomic structure. This was quickly followed by high temperature and fluid introduction within seconds. Our findings illustrate the intense conditions imposed on rocks by earthquakes.
Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper, Ilka Weikusat, Johannes H. P. de Bresser, Daniela Jansen, Gill M. Pennock, and Martyn R. Drury
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A composite flow law model applied to crystal size distributions from the NEEM deep ice core predicts that fine-grained layers in ice from the last Glacial period localize deformation as internal shear zones in the Greenland ice sheet deforming by grain-size-sensitive creep. This prediction is consistent with microstructures in Glacial age ice.
Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper, Johannes H. P. de Bresser, Martyn R. Drury, Jan Eichler, Gill M. Pennock, and Ilka Weikusat
The Cryosphere, 14, 2449–2467, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2449-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2449-2020, 2020
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Fast ice flow occurs in deeper parts of polar ice sheets, driven by high stress and high temperatures. Above 262 K ice flow is further enhanced, probably by the formation of thin melt layers between ice crystals. A model applying an experimentally derived composite flow law, using temperature and grain size values from the deepest 540 m of the NEEM ice core, predicts that flow in fine-grained layers is enhanced by a factor of 10 compared to coarse-grained layers in the Greenland ice sheet.
Baptiste Journaux, Thomas Chauve, Maurine Montagnat, Andrea Tommasi, Fabrice Barou, David Mainprice, and Léa Gest
The Cryosphere, 13, 1495–1511, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1495-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1495-2019, 2019
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Ice mechanics is an important tool to better predict the response of glaciers or polar ice sheets to climate variations.
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Robert McKay, Neville Exon, Dietmar Müller, Karsten Gohl, Michael Gurnis, Amelia Shevenell, Stuart Henrys, Fumio Inagaki, Dhananjai Pandey, Jessica Whiteside, Tina van de Flierdt, Tim Naish, Verena Heuer, Yuki Morono, Millard Coffin, Marguerite Godard, Laura Wallace, Shuichi Kodaira, Peter Bijl, Julien Collot, Gerald Dickens, Brandon Dugan, Ann G. Dunlea, Ron Hackney, Minoru Ikehara, Martin Jutzeler, Lisa McNeill, Sushant Naik, Taryn Noble, Bradley Opdyke, Ingo Pecher, Lowell Stott, Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Yatheesh Vadakkeykath, and Ulrich G. Wortmann
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Sina Marti, Holger Stünitz, Renée Heilbronner, Oliver Plümper, and Rüdiger Kilian
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Using rock deformation experiments we study how rocks deform at mid-crustal levels within mountain belts and along plate boundaries. For the studied material, fluid-assisted mass transport and grain sliding are the dominant deformation mechanisms when small amounts of water are present. Our results provide new data on the mechanical response of the earth's crust, and the wide range of presented microstructures will help to correlate observations from experiments and nature.
Thomas van der Werf, Vasileios Chatzaras, Leo Marcel Kriegsman, Andreas Kronenberg, Basil Tikoff, and Martyn R. Drury
Solid Earth, 8, 1211–1239, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1211-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1211-2017, 2017
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The strength of Earth's lower crust affects the cycle of earthquakes in tectonic plate boundaries. To understand the mechanical properties of the lower crust beneath northern Baja California, Mexico, we studied rocks, which were transferred to the surface during the eruption of Quaternary volcanoes. The lower crust is strongly deformed, hot, and dry. During transient events of deformation, the lower crust is weak, and its strength is similar to the strength of the upper mantle.
Ilka Weikusat, Ernst-Jan N. Kuiper, Gill M. Pennock, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Martyn R. Drury
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Understanding the flow of large ice masses on Earth is a major challenge in our changing climate. Deformation mechanisms are governed by the strong anisotropy of ice. As anisotropy is currently moving into the focus of ice sheet flow studies, we provide a detailed analysis of microstructure data from natural ice core samples which directly relate to anisotropic plasticity. Our findings reveal surprising dislocation activity which seems to contradict the concept of macroscopic ice anisotropy.
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Catherine Leyx, Peter Schmid-Beurmann, Fabrice Brunet, Christian Chopin, and Christian Lathe
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 417–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-417-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-417-2024, 2024
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This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the pressure–volume–temperature behaviour of the main Mg-phosphates of geological interest, especially in high-pressure metamorphic rocks. The incentive for it was the growing body of experimental phase-equilibrium data acquired at high pressure in the MgO–(Al2O3)–P2O5–H2O systems, the thermodynamic evaluation of which has been begging for such volumetric data.
Ashim Rijal, Laura Cobden, Jeannot Trampert, Hauke Marquardt, and Jennifer M. Jackson
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Using neural networks with experimental data, we infer the relationship between pressure, temperature and shear properties of MgO. Fixing the form of the relationship, which is a common practice, provides the properties that are largely constrained by the form and not the data. Our approach provides realistic uncertainties in shear properties, which should improve uncertainty quantification in interpretations of observed shear wave speed to infer the structure and dynamics of the Earth’s mantle.
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Frédéric Béjina, Misha Bystricky, Nicolas Tercé, Matthew L. Whitaker, and Haiyan Chen
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We performed experimental measurements of elastic parameters of fayalite. The idea is to better define the effect of olivine Fe content on these parameters and test how sensitive these are when adjusting mineralogical models to seismic data. The trend of the olivine shear modulus with Fe content is well defined, but that of the bulk modulus remains less constrained, and more experiments on olivines with different Fe compositions are needed.
Delia-Georgeta Dumitraş and Ştefan Marincea
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Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 23–38, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-23-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-23-2021, 2021
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It is shown here that the H2O content of hydrous minerals can be determined from their mean refractive indices with high accuracy. This is especially important when only small single crystals are available. Such small crystals are generally not suitable for thermal analyses or for other reliable methods of measuring the amount of H2O. The results are compared with the observed H2O content evaluating 157 zeolite-type compounds and 770 non-zeolitic hydrous compounds, showing good agreement.
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Short summary
This paper investigates the possibility for melts to migrate within extensively deformed crystals and assesses the impact of this intracrystalline melt percolation on the chemical composition of the deformed crystal. We here document that the presence of melt within a crystal greatly enhances chemical diffusive re-equilibration between the percolating melt and the mineral and that such a process occurring at crystal scale can impact the large-scale composition of the oceanic lithosphere.
This paper investigates the possibility for melts to migrate within extensively deformed...
