European Journal of Mineralogy
European Journal of Mineralogy
European Journal of Mineralogy
Articles | Volume 37, issue 6
Articles | Volume 37, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-871-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-871-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 37, issue 6
New minerals, nomenclature, and classification
 | 
06 Nov 2025
New minerals, nomenclature, and classification |  | 06 Nov 2025

IMA-CNMNC guidelines for assessing the natural geological origin of minerals

Ferdinando Bosi, Frédéric Hatert, Nicolas Meisser, Marco Pasero, and Stuart Mills

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Allington-Jones, L.: Cleaning minerals: Practical and ethical considerations, The Geological Curator, 10, 473–479, 2017. 
Bindi, L., Eiler, J., Guan, Y., Hollister, L. S., MacPherson, G. J., Steinhardt, P. J., and Yao, N.: Evidence for the extraterrestrial origin of a natural quasicrystal, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 1396–1401, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111115109, 2012. 
Bindi, L., Kolb, W., Nelson Eby, G., Asimow, P. D., Wallace, T. C., and Steinhardt, P. J.: Accidental synthesis of a previously unknown quasicrystal in the first atomic bomb test, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2101350118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101350118, 2021. 
Brugger, J., Cuchet, S., Van Der Burgt, A., Crumbach, M., Etschmann, B., Xing, Y., Ram, R., Michaut, P., Nebel, O., Raveggi, M., Maas, R., Pearce, M., and Howard, D.: Titanite and allanite as a record of multistage co-mobility of Ti–REE–Nb–As during metamorphism in the Central Alps, Am. Mineral., 110, 603–621, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-9378, 2025. 
Duthaler, R. and Weiss, S.: Mineral cleaning for collectors, 3rd edn., edited by: Duthaler, R., Bettingen, Switzerland, 190 pp., 2023. 
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This study explains how scientists determine whether a newly found solid phase is truly a natural mineral. We refine existing guidelines by introducing updated recommendations that improve the credibility of proposals for minerals with uncertain origins. Using three examples, we show how geological and textural evidence can confirm or challenge natural authenticity. Our new checklist helps reduce misinterpretation and ensures more reliable mineral recognition.
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