Kayupovaite is a new mineral named in honor of Maria Mikhailovna Kayupova (1921–1980), the mineralogist who studied the Ushkatyn-III deposit (Kazakhstan), the type of locality of the described mineral. Kayupovaite is monoclinic and of space group C2/c. The mineral belongs to the group of modulated manganese phyllosilicates and is structurally related to stilpnomelane. The absence of iron in the mineral is a result of oxidative Mn–Fe fractionation during the formation of braunite-rich Mn ores.

The Ertelien and Langedalen Ni–Cu sulfide deposits are hosted in gabbronorite intrusions formed in a convergent margin. The Ertelien deposit contains contact-related sulfides, whereas the Langedalen deposit hosts massive sulfides within extensively deformed gabbronorite lenses. Both are depleted in platinum-group elements (PGEs), which could be related to a metasomatized pyroxenitic mantle source. Isotopic data support a subduction-related origin around 1550 Ma, with magmatic signatures preserved despite later alteration.

This study explains how scientists determine whether a newly found solid phase is truly a natural mineral. We refine existing guidelines by introducing updated recommendations that improve the credibility of proposals for minerals with uncertain origins. Using three examples, we show how geological and textural evidence can confirm or challenge natural authenticity. Our new checklist helps reduce misinterpretation and ensures more reliable mineral recognition.

Synthetic lepidolites and Li-muscovites have been investigated using two-dimensional cross-polarisation heteronuclear correlation magic-angle-spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic experiments. All results show a related ordering of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets, with more tetrahedral Al sites close to Al-rich octahedral sites preferably coordinated by OH^- anions and Si-rich tetrahedral regions close to Li-rich octahedral sites preferably coordinated by F^- anions.

We conducted experimental and computational studies, compiling datasets of compounds with established refractive indices and supplementing them with our measurements of compounds containing I⁻, Br⁻, or Br⁷⁺. We calculated the electronic polarizabilities of these ions to estimate the mean refractive index of I- and Br-containing compounds. Results were compared to the Gladstone–Dale approach, confirming their reliability in predicting optical properties.

Orthopyroxenes are important rock-forming minerals. They are solid solutions mainly between an Mg and a Fe endmember. Their thermodynamic properties are needed to model the P–T–X paths of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Samples along this Fe–Mg binary were synthesized at 800 °C/1.5 GPa, and their heat capacity was measured using calorimetric methods. From these data, the entropies along the solid solution could be derived, and it was found that this solution behaves thermodynamically ideally.

We report a new ultra-high-pressure (UHP) locality in the western Alps (Italy). Micro-Raman analyses of garnet-hosted inclusions reveal the metamorphic evolution from the prograde path to exhumation. The finding of coesite in the Internal Piedmont Zone (IPZ) meta-ophiolites of Orco Valley suggests that UHP localities represent remnants of a former level that underwent comparable conditions in the coesite stability field in the oceanic slab, from Lago di Cignana to Monviso Massif.

Åsgruvanite-(Ce) is a new rare Earth element (REE) mineral from Åsgruvan in Västmanland, Sweden, linked to Bastnäs-type mineralisation. The chemical formula ideally includes cerium, aluminium, silicon, arsenic, carbonate groups, chlorine, and fluorine. The mineral forms small, grey-green, lustrous grains with distinct cleavage and high density and is associated with carbonates and REE minerals like gadolinite and an allanite-like mineral. It has a unique layered crystal structure.

This study compares trace elements with the Spruce Pine pegmatite deposits in the United States and the pegmatite deposits in East Qinling in China to explore which types of deposits have the potential to become high-purity quartz raw material deposits. In addition, we also carried out technical purification and economic evaluation of the collected samples, aiming to provide guidance on technical purification and trace element determination of high-purity quartz deposits.