Articles | Volume 38, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-497-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-497-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A novel experimental approach to investigate element transport and isotope fractionation of Li and B in pegmatitic systems during fluid–melt interaction
Christian Ronny Singer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Harald Behrens
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Ingo Horn
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Martin Oeser
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Stefan Weyer
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
François Holtz
Institut für Erdsystemwissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Related authors
Francesco Vetere, Kristina Schimetzek, Maurizio Petrelli, Fleurice Parat, André Stechern, Christian Singer, and Francois Holtz
Eur. J. Mineral., 38, 9–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-9-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-9-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how trace elements are distributed between melt and crystals during dacite crystallization (675–775 °C, 200 MPa) using a two-step experiment combining long-duration runs and a mineral trap technique. Residual melts were effectively separated and analysed. LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) data for elements like P, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ce, Yb, and U reveal that, while Cs and U stay incompatible, other elements are affected by the type of crystallizing minerals.
Christian R. Singer, Harald Behrens, Ingo Horn, Martin Oeser, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1009–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Li is a critical element that is often enriched in pegmatites. To better understand the enrichment of Li in such systems, it is necessary to understand the underlying transport mechanisms. We performed experiments to investigate diffusion rates and exchange mechanisms of Li between a Li-rich and a Li-poor melt at high temperature and pressure. Our results indicate that fluxing elements do not increase the diffusivity of Li compared to a flux-free melt.
Francesco Vetere, Kristina Schimetzek, Maurizio Petrelli, Fleurice Parat, André Stechern, Christian Singer, and Francois Holtz
Eur. J. Mineral., 38, 9–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-9-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-38-9-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how trace elements are distributed between melt and crystals during dacite crystallization (675–775 °C, 200 MPa) using a two-step experiment combining long-duration runs and a mineral trap technique. Residual melts were effectively separated and analysed. LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) data for elements like P, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ce, Yb, and U reveal that, while Cs and U stay incompatible, other elements are affected by the type of crystallizing minerals.
Florian Pohl, Harald Behrens, Martin Oeser, Felix Marxer, and Ralf Dohmen
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 985–1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The growing interest in lithium (Li) diffusion for the determination of timescales of magmatic events increases the necessity to better understand Li diffusion in common mineral phases. In this context we analyzed Li diffusion in plagioclase, one of the most common mineral phases. Our study is the first to confirm two diffusion mechanisms for Li in plagioclase, and our results indicate timescales derived from Li diffusion data in previous studies were underestimated by a factor of up to 100.
André Stechern, Magdalena Blum-Oeste, Roman E. Botcharnikov, François Holtz, and Gerhard Wörner
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 721–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lascar volcano, located in northern Chile, is among the most active volcanoes of the Andes. Its activity culminated in the last major explosive eruption in April 1993. We carried out experiments at high temperatures (up to 1050 °C) and pressures (up to 5000 bar) in the lab, and we used a wide variety of geochemical methods to provide comprehensive constraints on the depth and temperature of the magma chamber beneath Lascar volcano.
Diego González-García, Florian Pohl, Felix Marxer, Stepan Krasheninnikov, Renat Almeev, and François Holtz
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 623–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the exchange of chemical elements by diffusion between magmas of tephritic and phonolitic composition from the Canary Islands, performing experiments at high pressure and high temperature with different amounts of added water. Our results characterize the way water and temperature affect the diffusion process, and we also find unexpectedly high mobility of aluminium, which may be related to its variable chemical bonding in highly alkaline melts.
Christian R. Singer, Harald Behrens, Ingo Horn, Martin Oeser, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1009–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Li is a critical element that is often enriched in pegmatites. To better understand the enrichment of Li in such systems, it is necessary to understand the underlying transport mechanisms. We performed experiments to investigate diffusion rates and exchange mechanisms of Li between a Li-rich and a Li-poor melt at high temperature and pressure. Our results indicate that fluxing elements do not increase the diffusivity of Li compared to a flux-free melt.
Martin Oeser, Ingo Horn, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 813–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new method designed to analyze micrometer-scale chemical and isotopic profiles in minerals, glasses, and other solids. The employed technique combines plasma mass spectrometers and a state-of-the-art femtosecond laser equipped with open-source software (LinuxCNC) that controls the movement of the laser beam. It allows for equably drilling into the sample surface, e.g., in order to measure chemically or isotopically zoned or heterogeneous materials at micrometer scales.
Diao Luo, Marc K. Reichow, Tong Hou, M. Santosh, Zhaochong Zhang, Meng Wang, Jingyi Qin, Daoming Yang, Ronghao Pan, Xudong Wang, François Holtz, and Roman Botcharnikov
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 469–491, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanoes on Earth are divided into monogenetic and composite volcanoes based on edifice shape. Currently the evolution from monogenetic to composite volcanoes is poorly understood. There are two distinct magma chambers, with a deeper region at the Moho and a shallow mid-crustal zone in the Wulanhada Volcanic Field. The crustal magma chamber represents a snapshot of transition from monogenetic to composite volcanoes, which experience more complex magma processes than magma stored in the Moho.
Cited articles
Albrecht, M., Derrey, I. T., Horn, I., Schuth, S., and Weyer, S.: Quantification of trace element contents in frozen fluid inclusions by UV-fs-LA-ICP-MS analysis, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 29, 1034–1041, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4JA00015C, 2014.
Bartels, A., Vetere, F., Holtz, F., Behrens, H., and Linnen, R. L.: Viscosity of flux-rich pegmatitic melts, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 162, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0582-3, 2011.
Behrens, H. and Hahn, M.: Trace element diffusion and viscous flow in potassium-rich trachytic and phonolitic melts, Chem. Geol., 259, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.014, 2009.
Behrens, H., Romano, C., Nowak, M., Holtz, F., and Dingwell, D. B.: Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of water species in glasses of the systems MAlSi3O8 (M = Li, Na, K): an interlaboratory study, Chem. Geol., 128, 41–63, 1996.
Bodnar, R. J.: Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-Nacl solutions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 57, 683–684, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90378-A, 1993.
Borisov, A. and Aranovich, L.: Zircon solubility in silicate melts: New experiments and probability of zircon crystallization in deeply evolved basic melts, Chem. Geol., 510, 103–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.019, 2019.
Černý, P.: Rare-element Granitic Pegmatites, Part I: Anatomy and Internal Evolution of Pegmatitic Deposits, Geosci. Can., 18, 49–67, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/GC/article/view/3722 (last access: 6 October 2023), 1991.
Černý, P. and Ercit, T. S.: The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited, Can. Mineral., 43, 2005–2026, https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.6.2005, 2005.
Černý, P., Blevin, P. L., Cuney, M., and London, D.: Granite-Related Ore Deposits, in: One Hundredth Anniversary Volume, edited by: Hedenquist, J. W., Thompson, J. F. H., Goldfarb, R. J., and Richards, J. P., Society of Economic Geologists, https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.12, 2005.
Chakraborty, D. and Chandra, A.: Diffusion of ions in supercritical water: Dependence on ion size and solvent density and roles of voids and necks, J. Mol. Liq., 162, 12–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2011.05.006, 2011.
Crameri, F.: Scientific colour maps, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862, 2023.
Crisp, L. J. and Berry, A. J.: A new model for zircon saturation in silicate melts, Contr. Mineral. and Petrol., 177, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01925-6, 2022.
De Hoog, J. C. M.: Matrix Effects During SIMS Measurement of the Lithium Mass Fractions of Silicate Glasses: Correction Procedures and Updated Preferred Values of Reference Materials, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 42, 513–522, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12237, 2018.
Derrey, I. T., Albrecht, M., Dupliy, E., Botcharnikov, R. E., Horn, I., Junge, M., Weyer, S., and Holtz, F.: Experimental tests on achieving equilibrium in synthetic fluid inclusions: Results for scheelite, molybdenite, and gold solubility at 800 °C and 200 MPa, Am. Miner., 102, 275–283, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5869, 2017.
Devineau, K., Champallier, R., and Pichavant, M.: Dynamic Crystallization of a Haplogranitic Melt: Application to Pegmatites, J. Pet., 61, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egaa054, 2020.
Gao, X., Anne-Sophie Michaud, J., Zhou, Z., Horn, I., Almeev, R. R., Weyer, S., and Holtz, F.: Trace element (Be, Zn, Ga, Rb, Nb, Cs, Ta, W) partitioning between mica and Li-rich granitic melt: Experimental approach and implications for W mineralization, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 375, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.05.004, 2024.
Geisinger, K., Oestrike, R., Navrotsky, A., Turner, G., and Kirkpatrick, R.: Thermochemistry and structure of glasses along the join NaAlSi3O8-NaBSi3O8, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 52, 2405–2414, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90297-9, 1988.
Gion, A. M., Gaillard, F., Freslon, N., Erdmann, S., and Di Carlo, I.: A method for the direct analysis of quenched, magmatic-hydrothermal fluids recovered from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments, Chem. Geol., 609, 121061, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121061, 2022.
Guillong, M., Meier, D. L., Allan, M. M., Heinrich, C. A., and Yardley, B. W.: Appendix A6: SILLS: A MATLAB-based program for the reduction of laser ablation ICP-MS data of homogenous materials and inclusions, Mineral. Assoc. Canada Short Course, 328–333, https://mineralsystems.ethz.ch/software/sills.html (last access: 13 July 2022), 2008.
Hervig, R. L., Moore, G. M., Williams, L. B., Peacock, S. M., Holloway, J. R., and Roggensack, K.: Isotopic and elemental partitioning of boron between hydrous fluid and silicate melt, Am. Miner., 87, 769–774, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-5-620, 2002.
Holtz, F., Behrens, H., Dingwell, D. B., and Johannes, W.: H2O solubility in haplogranitic melts: Compositional, pressure and temperature dependence, Am. Miner., 80, 94–108, 1995.
Horn, I., Blanckenburg, F. von, Schoenberg, R., Steinhoefel, G., and Markl, G.: In situ iron isotope ratio determination using UV-femtosecond laser ablation with application to hydrothermal ore formation processes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 70, 3677–3688, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.002, 2006.
Hulsbosch, N. and Muchez, P.: Tracing fluid saturation during pegmatite differentiation by studying the fluid inclusion evolution and multiphase cassiterite mineralisation of the Gatumba pegmatite dyke system (NW Rwanda), Lithos, 354–355, 105285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105285, 2020.
Iveson, A. A., Webster, J. D., Rowe, M. C., and Neill, O. K.: Fluid-melt trace-element partitioning behaviour between evolved melts and aqueous fluids: Experimental constraints on the magmatic-hydrothermal transport of metals, Chem. Geol., 516, 18–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.03.029, 2019.
Jahn, S. and Wunder, B.: Lithium speciation in aqueous fluids at high P and T studied by ab initio molecular dynamics and consequences for Li-isotope fractionation between minerals and fluids, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 5428–5434, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.017, 2009.
Jahns, R. H.: The genesis of pegmatites: I. Occurrence and origin of giant crystals, Am. Miner., 38, 563–598, 1953.
Jahns, R. H. and Burnham, C. W.: Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: l. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites, Econ. Geol., 64, 843–864, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.64.8.843, 1969.
Jochum, K. P., Stoll, B., Herwig, K., Willbold, M., Hofmann, A. W., Amini, M., Aarburg, S., Abouchami, W., Hellebrand, E., Mocek, B., Raczek, I., Stracke, A., Alard, O., Bouman, C., Becker, S., Dücking, M., Brätz, H., Klemd, R., Bruin, D. de, Canil, D., Cornell, D., Hoog, C.-J. de, Dalpé, C., Danyushevsky, L., Eisenhauer, A., Gao, Y., Snow, J. E., Groschopf, N., Günther, D., Latkoczy, C., Guillong, M., Hauri, E. H., Höfer, H. E., Lahaye, Y., Horz, K., Jacob, D. E., Kasemann, S. A., Kent, A. J. R., Ludwig, T., Zack, T., Mason, P. R. D., Meixner, A., Rosner, M., Misawa, K., Nash, B. P., Pfänder, J., Premo, W. R., Sun, W. D., Tiepolo, M., Vannucci, R., Vennemann, T., Wayne, D., and Woodhead, J. D.: MPI-DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, 1-44, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001060, 2006.
Jochum, K. P., Weis, U., Stoll, B., Kuzmin, D., Yang, Q., Raczek, I., Jacob, D. E., Stracke, A., Birbaum, K., Frick, D. A., Günther, D., and Enzweiler, J.: Determination of Reference Values for NIST SRM 610-617 Glasses Following ISO Guidelines, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 35, 397–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2011.00120.x, 2011.
Kasemann, S., Meixner, A., Rocholl, A., Vennemann, T., Rosner, M., Schmitt, A. K., and Wiedenbeck, M.: Boron and Oxygen Isotope Composition of Certified Reference Materials NIST SRM 610/612 and Reference Materials JB-2 and JR-2, Geostand. Newslett., 25, 405–416, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2001.tb00615.x, 2001.
Kimura, J.-I., Chang, Q., Ishikawa, T., and Tsujimori, T.: Influence of laser parameters on isotope fractionation and optimisation of lithium and boron isotope ratio measurements using laser ablation-multiple Faraday collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 31, 2305–2320, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00283H, 2016.
Kommescher, S., Marxer, F., Pohl, F., Horn, I., Holtz, F., Almeev, R., Marschall, H., Weyer, S., and Fonseca, R. O. C.: High-temperature boron partitioning and isotope fractionation between basaltic melt and fluid, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-024-02159-4, 2024.
London, D.: Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future, Lithos, 80, 281–303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.02.009, 2005.
London, D.: Pegmatites, The Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication, 10, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Ottawa, 347 pp., ISBN 978-0-921294-47-4, 2008.
London, D., Hervig, R. L., and Morgan, G. B.: Melt-vapor solubilities and elemental partitioning in peraluminous granite-pegmatite systems: experimental results with Macusani glass at 200 MPa, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 99, 360–373, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375368, 1988.
London, D., Morgan VI, G. B., and Hervig, R. L.: Vapor-undersaturated experiments with Macusani glass + H2O at 200 MPa, and the internal differentiation of granitic pegmatites, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 102, 1–17, 1989.
Maloney, J. S., Nabelek, P. I., and Sirbescu, M.-L. C. H.: Lithium and its isotopes in tourmaline as indicators of the crystallization process in the San Diego County pegmatites, California, USA, Eur. J. Mineral., 20, 905–916, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1823, 2008.
Maneta, V. and Anderson, A. J.: Monitoring the crystallization of water-saturated granitic melts in real time using the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell, Contr. Mineral. and Petrol., 173, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1509-7, 2018.
Maneta, V., Baker, D. R., and Minarik, W.: Evidence for lithium-aluminosilicate supersaturation of pegmatite-forming melts, Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 170, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-015-1158-z, 2015.
Matthews, W., Linnen, R. L., and Guo, Q.: A filler-rod technique for controlling redox conditions in cold-seal pressure vessels, Am. Miner., 88, 701–707, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-0424, 2003.
Nabelek, P. I., Russ-Nabelek, C., and Denison, J. R.: The generation and crystallization conditions of the Proterozoic Harney Peak Leucogranite, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA: Petrologic and geochemical constraints, Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 110, 173–191, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310737, 1992.
Nabelek, P. I., Whittington, A. G., and Sirbescu, M.-L. C.: The role of H2O in rapid emplacement and crystallization of granite pegmatites: resolving the paradox of large crystals in highly undercooled melts, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 160, 313–325, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0479-1, 2010.
Ottolini, L., Le Fèvre, B., and Vannucci, R.: Direct assessment of mantle boron and lithium contents and distribution by SIMS analyses of peridotite minerals, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 228, 19–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.027, 2004.
Paton, C., Hellstrom, J., Paul, B., Woodhead, J., and Hergt, J.: Iolite: Freeware for the visualisation and processing of mass spectrometric data, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 26, 2508, https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JA10172B, 2011.
Phelps, P. R. and Lee, C.-T. A.: Extreme lithium isotope fractionation in quartz from the Stewart pegmatite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 336, 208–218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.09.014, 2022.
Pichavant, M.: An experimental study of the effect of boron on a water saturated haplogranite at 1 Kbar vapour pressure, Contr. Mineral. Petrol., 76, 430–439, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371485, 1981.
Pichavant, M.: Experimental Crystallization of the Beauvoir Granite as a Model for the Evolution of Variscan Rare Metal Magmas, J. Pet., 63, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egac120, 2022.
Pichavant, M., Kontak, D. J., Briqueu, L., Herrera, J. V., and Clark, A. H.: The Miocene-Pliocene Macusani Volcanics, SE Peru: II. Geochemistry and origin of a felsic peraluminous magma, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 100, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379742, 1988.
Pitzer, K. S. and Sterner, S. M.: Equations of state valid continuously from zero to extreme pressures for H2O and CO2, J. Chem. Phys., 101, 3111–3116, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467624, 1994.
Rudnick, R. L. and Gao, S.: Composition of the Continental Crust, in: Treatise on Geochemistry, 2nd edn., edited by: Holland, H. D. and Turekian, K. K., Elsevier, Oxford, 1–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6, 2014.
Saghir, M. Z., Jiang, C. G., Chacha, M., Yan, Y., Khawaya, M., and Pan, S.: Thermodiffusion in Porous Media, in: Transport Phenomena in Porous Media III, edited by: Ingham, D. B. and Pop, I., Elsevier, 227–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044490-1/50013-2, 2005.
Schäfer, B., Frischknecht, R., Günther, D., and Dingwell, D. B.: Determination of trace-element partitioning between fluid and melt using LA-ICP-MS analysis of synthetic fluid inclusions in glass, Eur. J. Mineral., 11, 415–426, https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/11/3/0415, 1999.
Schatz, O. J., Dolejš, D., Stix, J., Williams-Jones, A. E., and Layne, G. D.: Partitioning of boron among melt, brine and vapor in the system haplogranite–H2O–NaCl at 800 °C and 100 MPa, Chem. Geol., 210, 135–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.007, 2004.
Schauble, E. A.: Applying Stable Isotope Fractionation Theory to New Systems, in: Geochemistry of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes, edited by: Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., and Albarède, F., De Gruyter, Washington, D.C., 65–112, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501509360-006, 2004.
Schmidt, C., Thomas, R., and Heinrich, W.: Boron speciation in aqueous fluids at 22 to 600 °C and 0.1 MPa to 2 GPa, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 69, 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.018, 2005.
Singer, C. R., Behrens, H., Horn, I., Oeser, M., Dohmen, R., and Weyer, S.: Li–Na interdiffusion and diffusion-driven lithium isotope fractionation in pegmatitic melts, Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1009–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, 2023.
Singer, C. R., Behrens, H., Horn, I., Fechtelkord, M., and Weyer, S.: Boron diffusion, related isotope fractionation and the structural role of B in pegmatite forming melts, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 392, 70–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.11.023, 2025.
Singer, C. R., Behrens, H., Horn, I., Oeser, M., Weyer, S., and Holtz, F.: Data for: A novel experimental approach to investigate element transport and isotope fractionation of Li and B in pegmatitic systems during fluid–melt interaction, Mendeley Data [data set], https://doi.org/10.17632/8jw6dw272k.2, 2026.
Sirbescu, M.-L. C., Schmidt, C., Veksler, I. V., Whittington, A. G., and Wilke, M.: Experimental Crystallization of Undercooled Felsic Liquids: Generation of Pegmatitic Texture, J. Pet., 58, 539–568, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx027, 2017.
Soltay, L. G. and Henderson, G. S.: Structural differences between lithium silicate and lithium germanate glasses by Raman spectroscopy, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 46, 381–384, 2005.
Steinmann, L. K., Oeser, M., Horn, I., Seitz, H.-M., and Weyer, S.: In situ high-precision lithium isotope analyses at low concentration levels with femtosecond-LA-MC-ICP-MS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 34, 1447–1458, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9JA00088G, 2019.
Teng, F.-Z., McDonough, W. F., Rudnick, R. L., and Walker, R. J.: Diffusion-driven extreme lithium isotopic fractionation in country rocks of the Tin Mountain pegmatite, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 243, 701–710, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.036, 2006.
Thomas, R.: Determination of the H3BO3 concentration in fluid and melt inclusions in granite pegmatites by laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy, Am. Miner., 87, 56–68, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-0107, 2002.
van Lichtervelde, M., Salvi, S., Beziat, D., and Linnen, R. L.: Textural Features and Chemical Evolution in Tantalum Oxides: Magmatic Versus Hydrothermal Origins for Ta Mineralization in the Tanco Lower Pegmatite, Manitoba, Canada, Econ. Geol., 102, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.102.2.257, 2007.
Wachter, W., Fernandez, S., Buchner, R., and Hefter, G.: Ion association and hydration in aqueous solutions of LiCl and Li2SO4 by dielectric spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 9010–9017, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp072425e, 2007.
Wang, T., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Lu, X., and Wang, R.: A molecular dynamics study of Li speciation in hydrothermal fluids and silicate melts, Che.m Geol., 584, 120528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120528, 2021.
Watson, E. B. and Harrison, T. M.: Zircon saturation revisited: temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 64, 295–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90211-X, 1983.
Webster, J. D., Holloway, J. R., and Hervig, R. L.: Partitioning of lithophile trace elements between H2O and H2O + CO2 fluids and topaz rhyolite melt, Econ. Geol., 84, 116–134, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.1.116, 1989.
Woodhead, J. D., Hellstrom, J., Hergt, J. M., Greig, A., and Maas, R.: Isotopic and Elemental Imaging of Geological Materials by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 31, 331–343, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2007.00104.x, 2007.
Wu, S., Wörner, G., Jochum, K. P., Stoll, B., Simon, K., and Kronz, A.: The Preparation and Preliminary Characterisation of Three Synthetic Andesite Reference Glass Materials (ARM-1, ARM-2, ARM-3) for In Situ Microanalysis, Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 43, 567–584, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12301, 2019.
Wu, S., Yang, Y., Jochum, K. P., Romer, R. L., Glodny, J., Savov, I. P., Agostini, S., Hoog, J. C. de, Peters, S. T., Kronz, A., Zhang, C., Bao, Z., Wang, X., Li, Y., Tang, G., Feng, L., Yu, H., Li, Z., Le Zhang, Lin, J., Zeng, Y., Xu, C., Wang, Y., Cui, Z., Deng, L., Xiao, J., Liu, Y., Xue, D., Di Zhang, Jia, L., Wang, H., Xu, L., Huang, C., Xie, L., Pack, A., Wörner, G., He, M., Li, C., Yuan, H., Huang, F., Li, Q., Yang, J., Li, X., and Wu, F.: Isotopic Compositions (Li-B-Si-O-Mg-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb) and Fe Fe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM-1, ARM-2, ARM-3), Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 45, 719–745, https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12399, 2021.
Wunder, B., Meixner, A., Romer, R. L., and Heinrich, W.: Temperature-dependent isotopic fractionation of lithium between clinopyroxene and high-pressure hydrous fluids, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 151, 112–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0049-0, 2006.
Wunder, B., Meixner, A., Romer, R. L., Feenstra, A., Schettler, G., and Heinrich, W.: Lithium isotope fractionation between Li-bearing staurolite, Li-mica and aqueous fluids: An experimental study, Chem. Geol., 238, 277–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.12.001, 2007.
Yamaguchi, T., Ohzono, H., Yamagami, M., Yamanaka, K., Yoshida, K., and Wakita, H.: Ion hydration in aqueous solutions of lithium chloride, nickel chloride, and caesium chloride in ambient to supercritical water, J. Mol. Liq., 153, 2–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2009.10.012, 2010.
Yamaji, K., Makita, Y., Watanabe, H., Sonoda, A., Kanoh, H., Hirotsu, T., and Ooi, K.: Theoretical Estimation of Lithium Isotopic Reduced Partition Function Ratio for Lithium Ions in Aqueous Solution, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 602–613, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp001303i, 2001.
Ye, X.-Y., Li, B., Chen, X.-D., Lei, J., Lu, A.-H., Zhao, L., Li, X., Tan, D.-B., and Xiao, Y.: Lithium isotopic systematics and numerical simulation for highly-fractionated granite-pegmatite system: Implications for the pegmatite-type rare-metal mineralization, Ore Geol. Rev., 163, 105722, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105722, 2023.
Zajacz, Z., Halter, W. E., Pettke, T., and Guillong, M.: Determination of fluid/melt partition coefficients by LA-ICPMS analysis of co-existing fluid and silicate melt inclusions: Controls on element partitioning, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 2169–2197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.034, 2008.
Zhang, C., Koepke, J., Albrecht, M., Horn, I., and Holtz, F.: Apatite in the dike-gabbro transition zone of mid-ocean ridge: Evidence for brine assimilation by axial melt lens, Am. Miner., 102, 558–570, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-5906, 2017.
Zhang, Y., Ni, H., and Chen, Y.: Diffusion Data in Silicate Melts, in: Diffusion in Minerals and Melts, edited by: Zhang, Y. and Cherniak, D. J., De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston, 311–408, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2010.72.8, 2010.
Zhou, J.-S., Wang, Q., Xu, Y.-G., Cempírek, J., Wang, H., Ma, J.-L., Wei, G.-J., Huang, T.-Y., Zhu, G.-H., and Le Zhang: Geochronology, petrology, and lithium isotope geochemistry of the Bailongshan granite-pegmatite system, northern Tibet: Implications for the ore-forming potential of pegmatites, Chem. Geol., 584, 120484, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120484, 2021.
Short summary
We developed a novel experimental setup to investigate the transport of Li and B between two melt reservoirs that were connected only via a fluid phase. This was used to simulate fluid exsolution occurring during late-stage pegmatite formation. We found that both Li and B were transported via the fluid, but the observed transport rates were low. It was shown experimentally that the Li isotopes fractionate between melt and fluid with the fluid being preferentially enriched in the heavier 7Li.
We developed a novel experimental setup to investigate the transport of Li and B between two...