Articles | Volume 36, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-813-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-813-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 18 Sep 2024
| 18 Sep 2024
Carbon-containing pyrite spherules: mineral biosignatures in black smokers?
Chloé Truong
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
present address: Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
Sylvain Bernard
Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
François Baudin
Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (ISTeP), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
Aurore Gorlas
Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
François Guyot
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Sophie Hage, Megan L. Baker, Nathalie Babonneau, Guillaume Soulet, Bernard Dennielou, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Robert G. Hilton, Valier Galy, François Baudin, Christophe Rabouille, Clément Vic, Sefa Sahin, Sanem Açikalin, and Peter J. Talling
Biogeosciences, 21, 4251–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4251-2024, 2024
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The land-to-ocean flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) is difficult to measure, inhibiting accurate modeling of the global carbon cycle. Here, we quantify the POC flux between one of the largest rivers on Earth (Congo) and the ocean. POC in the form of vegetation and soil is transported by episodic submarine avalanches in a 1000 km long canyon at up to 5 km water depth. The POC flux induced by avalanches is at least 3 times greater than that induced by the background flow related to tides.
Marija Stojanova, Pierre Arbelet, François Baudin, Nicolas Bouton, Giovanni Caria, Lorenza Pacini, Nicolas Proix, Edouard Quibel, Achille Thin, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 21, 4229–4237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4229-2024, 2024
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Because of its importance for climate regulation and soil health, many studies focus on carbon dynamics in soils. However, quantifying organic and inorganic carbon remains an issue in carbonated soils. In this technical note, we propose a validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. With this correction, the Rock-Eval® method has the potential to become the standard method for quantifying carbon in carbonate soils.
Amicie A. Delahaie, Lauric Cécillon, Marija Stojanova, Samuel Abiven, Pierre Arbelet, Dominique Arrouays, François Baudin, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Claire Chenu, Jussi Heinonsalo, Claudy Jolivet, Kristiina Karhu, Manuel P. Martin, Lorenza Pacini, Christopher Poeplau, Céline Ratié, Pierre Roudier, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Florence Savignac, and Pierre Barré
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-197, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-197, 2024
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This manuscript compares the soil organic carbon fractions obtained from a new thermal fractionation scheme and a well-known physical fractionation scheme on an unprecedented dataset of French topsoil samples. For each fraction, we use a machine learning model to determine its environmental drivers (pedology, climate, and land cover). Our results suggest that these two fractionation schemes provide different fractions, which means they provide complementary information.
Amicie A. Delahaie, Pierre Barré, François Baudin, Dominique Arrouays, Antonio Bispo, Line Boulonne, Claire Chenu, Claudy Jolivet, Manuel P. Martin, Céline Ratié, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Florence Savignac, and Lauric Cécillon
SOIL, 9, 209–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-209-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-209-2023, 2023
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We characterized organic matter in French soils by analysing samples from the French RMQS network using Rock-Eval thermal analysis. We found that thermal analysis is appropriate to characterize large set of samples (ca. 2000) and provides interpretation references for Rock-Eval parameter values. This shows that organic matter in managed soils is on average more oxidized and more thermally stable and that some Rock-Eval parameters are good proxies for organic matter biogeochemical stability.
Eva Kanari, Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Hugues Clivot, Fabien Ferchaud, Sabine Houot, Florent Levavasseur, Bruno Mary, Laure Soucémarianadin, Claire Chenu, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 19, 375–387, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-375-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-375-2022, 2022
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for climate regulation, soil quality, and food security. Predicting its evolution over the next decades is key for appropriate land management policies. However, SOC projections lack accuracy. Here we show for the first time that PARTYSOC, an approach combining thermal analysis and machine learning optimizes the accuracy of SOC model simulations at independent sites. This method can be applied at large scales, improving SOC projections on a continental scale.
Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Claire Chenu, Bent T. Christensen, Uwe Franko, Sabine Houot, Eva Kanari, Thomas Kätterer, Ines Merbach, Folkert van Oort, Christopher Poeplau, Juan Carlos Quezada, Florence Savignac, Laure N. Soucémarianadin, and Pierre Barré
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3879–3898, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3879-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3879-2021, 2021
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Partitioning soil organic carbon (SOC) into fractions that are stable or active on a century scale is key for more accurate models of the carbon cycle. Here, we describe the second version of a machine-learning model, named PARTYsoc, which reliably predicts the proportion of the centennially stable SOC fraction at its northwestern European validation sites with Cambisols and Luvisols, the two dominant soil groups in this region, fostering modelling works of SOC dynamics.
Mathieu Chassé, Suzanne Lutfalla, Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Samuel Abiven, Claire Chenu, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 18, 1703–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, 2021
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Evolution of organic carbon content in soils could be a major driver of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the next century. Understanding factors controlling carbon persistence in soil is a challenge. Our study of unique long-term bare-fallow samples, depleted in labile organic carbon, helps improve the separation, evaluation and characterization of carbon pools with distinct residence time in soils and gives insight into the mechanisms explaining soil organic carbon persistence.
Related subject area
Electron microscopy of minerals and rocks
Dauphiné twin in a deformed quartz: characterization by electron channelling contrast imaging and large-angle convergent-beam diffraction
Late metamorphic veins with dominant PS-15 polygonal serpentine in the Monte Avic ultramafite
Dislocation and disclination densities in experimentally deformed polycrystalline olivine
Appearance, study and a possible correction for boron: a phenomenon in ultra-soft X-ray measurements using a synthetic multilayer crystal and the EPMA
Weathering of stannite–kësterite [Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4] and the environmental mobility of the released elements
The hierarchical internal structure of labradorite
Automatic element and mineral detection in thin sections using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy (HyperTIM)
Vanadium carbides in shungite
Multi-scale characterization of glaucophane from Chiavolino (Biella, Italy): implications for international regulations on elongate mineral particles
Investigating crystal orientation patterns of foraminiferal tests by electron backscatter diffraction analysis
Nobuyoshi Miyajima, Danielle Silva Souza, and Florian Heidelbach
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 709–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-709-2024, 2024
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Dauphiné twin (DT) domains in a deformed quartz were visualized for the first time by using orientation-optimized electron channelling contrast imaging under Bragg conditions of the rhombohedral planes. The different contrast of a pair of DT domains in the backscattered electron images originates not from a misorientation between the two domains but from different diffraction intensities between positive and negative rhombohedral planes in quartz.
Luca Barale, Giancarlo Capitani, Paolo Castello, Roberto Compagnoni, Roberto Cossio, Gianluca Fiore, Linda Pastero, and Marcello Mellini
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 347–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-347-2023, 2023
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The first occurrence of centimeter-thick PS-15 polygonal serpentine veins from ultramafics of Monte Avic, Val d'Aosta, is here reported. The combined mineralogical study led by three techniques with different resolutions has provided new analytical tools capable of recognizing the PS-15 polygonal serpentine. In particular, X-ray powder diffraction data (XRPD) and micro-Raman recognize polygonal serpentine more quickly and easily than transmission electron microscopy (TEM) but equally rigorously.
Sylvie Demouchy, Manuel Thieme, Fabrice Barou, Benoit Beausir, Vincent Taupin, and Patrick Cordier
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 219–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-219-2023, 2023
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We report a comprehensive data set characterizing and quantifying two types of mineral defects in the most abundant mineral of Earth's upper mantle: olivine. Namely, we investigate translation defects of dislocation and rotation defects, called disclinations, in polycrystalline olivine deformed in uniaxial compression or torsion, at high temperature and pressure. The defects are identified via mapping of the crystallographic disorientation detected using electron backscatter diffraction.
Franziska Daniela Helena Wilke
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 59–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-59-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-59-2023, 2023
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When detecting the light element boron in solid materials with, in part, considerably lower concentrations of boron than present in natural tourmalines by using the electron microprobe, irregularities become visible in the analyses. This was for the first time experienced in synthetic diamond that was contaminated with boron to achieve a blue color. With this work, one can check if boron analyses are reasonable, and if not, one can correct them.
Patrick Haase, Stefan Kiefer, Kilian Pollok, Petr Drahota, and Juraj Majzlan
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 493–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-493-2022, 2022
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Stannite decomposition leads to the precipitation of an amorphous and metastable Sn–Fe–As-rich phase. With ageing, goethite and cassiterite crystallize from the precursor and mark the end of the weathering cycle. Other elements are lost in the initial stage of weathering (e.g. Zn, S) or after full oxidation of the sulfidic material (e.g. Cu, Ag). Electron microprobe (EMP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed to witness the mobility of the released elements.
Emilia Götz, Hans-Joachim Kleebe, and Ute Kolb
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 393–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-393-2022, 2022
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Labradorite displays various structural features which have received attention in science for a long time. In this paper an electron microscopy study was performed investigating the hierarchical structure and connecting its features over several orders of magnitude. In addition, the atomic structure was solved with three-dimensional electron diffraction, showing results comparable to X-ray diffraction data and demonstrating the potential of the method to solve complicated crystal structures.
Helge L. C. Daempfling, Christian Mielke, Nicole Koellner, Melanie Lorenz, Christian Rogass, Uwe Altenberger, Daniel E. Harlov, and Michael Knoper
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 275–284, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-275-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-275-2022, 2022
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In this study we present a novel method for the automatic detection of minerals and elements using hyperspectral transmittance imaging microscopy measurements of complete thin sections (HyperTIM).
Vladimir V. Kovalevski and Igor A. Moshnikov
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 131–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-131-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-131-2022, 2022
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Vanadium carbides in shungite are shown to be present in several forms, which reflects the distinctive conditions of their formation. An ordered carbon film revealed on the vanadium carbide particles could protect the particles from transformations for a long time. The parageneses of vanadium carbide and roscoelite occur, indicating that roscoelite in shungite rocks may be a secondary mineral formed upon vanadium carbide decomposition.
Ruggero Vigliaturo, Sabrina M. Elkassas, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Günther J. Redhammer, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Michael J. O'Shea, Goran Dražić, and Reto Gieré
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 77–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-77-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-77-2021, 2021
Stephanie Pabich, Christian Vollmer, and Nikolaus Gussone
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 613–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-613-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-613-2020, 2020
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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful tool to visualize and differentiate between foraminiferal test structures, by providing information on crystal orientation and crystal sizes. This can be used to trace diagenetic recrystallization, altering geochemical proxy signals. The sediment samples from a core from the equatorial Pacific used here, spanning the last 45 Myr, showed no evidence for foraminiferal recrystallization, highlighting the suitability as geochemical proxy archive.
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Short summary
Known as black smokers, sulfur-rich hydrothermal vents expel hot metal-rich water (~ 400°C). These extreme environments host micro-organisms capable of living at over 100°C. But to date, we do not know whether these microorganisms influence the formation of hydrothermal vents. The comparative study of minerals along the chimney wall is an essential step in determining whether microorganisms may have colonized and influenced mineral formation in certain parts of the chimney.
Known as black smokers, sulfur-rich hydrothermal vents expel hot metal-rich water (~ 400°C)....
