Articles | Volume 33, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-373-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-373-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A remarkable discovery of electrum on the island of Sylt, northern Germany, and its Scandinavian origin
Jochen Schlüter
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Mineralogisches Museum, Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak),
Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 48, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Stephan Schuth
Institut für Mineralogie, Leibniz Universität Hannover,
Callinstraße 3, 30167 Hannover, Germany
Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum,
Germany
Raúl O. C. Fonseca
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Rheinische
Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, 53115 Bonn,
Germany
Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum,
Germany
Daniel Wendt
independent researcher: Hamburg, Germany
Related authors
Thomas Malcherek, Boriana Mihailova, Jochen Schlüter, Philippe Roth, and Nicolas Meisser
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 153–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new mineral heimite was originally discovered on the mine dumps of the Grosses Chalttal deposit, Mürtschenalp district, Glarus, Switzerland. Its relatively simple chemistry is formed by water and ions of lead, copper, arsenic, hydrogen and oxygen. The mineral's crystal structure is related to the well-known duftite, which is also observed to grow on crystals of heimite. While heimite has so far only been found in the central Alps, it is expected to occur in other copper deposits worldwide.
Stylianos Aspiotis, Jochen Schlüter, Günther J. Redhammer, and Boriana Mihailova
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 573–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Combined Raman-scattering and wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (WD-EMP) analyses of natural biotites expanding over the whole biotite solid-solution series demonstrate that the chemical composition of the MO6 octahedra, TO4 tetrahedra, and interlayer space can be non-destructively determined by Raman spectroscopy with relative uncertainties below 8 %. The content of critical minor elements such as Ti at the octahedral site can be quantified as well with a relative error of ~ 20 %.
Stylianos Aspiotis, Jochen Schlüter, Kaja Harter-Uibopuu, and Boriana Mihailova
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 189–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A Raman scattering study of authentic inscribed marble demonstrates that cracks formed during the engraving enhance the development of weathering-related products whose signals could be potentially used to improve the readability of an inscribed text affected by rock weathering. Comprehensive analyses of different marble inscriptions reveal the effect of the environmental conditions, inscription age, grain size, and letter colouring on the abundance and penetration depth of alteration products.
Thomas Malcherek, Boriana Mihailova, Jochen Schlüter, Philippe Roth, and Nicolas Meisser
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 153–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-153-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-153-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new mineral heimite was originally discovered on the mine dumps of the Grosses Chalttal deposit, Mürtschenalp district, Glarus, Switzerland. Its relatively simple chemistry is formed by water and ions of lead, copper, arsenic, hydrogen and oxygen. The mineral's crystal structure is related to the well-known duftite, which is also observed to grow on crystals of heimite. While heimite has so far only been found in the central Alps, it is expected to occur in other copper deposits worldwide.
Stylianos Aspiotis, Jochen Schlüter, Günther J. Redhammer, and Boriana Mihailova
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 573–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Combined Raman-scattering and wavelength-dispersive electron microprobe (WD-EMP) analyses of natural biotites expanding over the whole biotite solid-solution series demonstrate that the chemical composition of the MO6 octahedra, TO4 tetrahedra, and interlayer space can be non-destructively determined by Raman spectroscopy with relative uncertainties below 8 %. The content of critical minor elements such as Ti at the octahedral site can be quantified as well with a relative error of ~ 20 %.
Stylianos Aspiotis, Jochen Schlüter, Kaja Harter-Uibopuu, and Boriana Mihailova
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 189–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-189-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-189-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A Raman scattering study of authentic inscribed marble demonstrates that cracks formed during the engraving enhance the development of weathering-related products whose signals could be potentially used to improve the readability of an inscribed text affected by rock weathering. Comprehensive analyses of different marble inscriptions reveal the effect of the environmental conditions, inscription age, grain size, and letter colouring on the abundance and penetration depth of alteration products.
Related subject area
Ore deposits and mineral resources
Analyzing petrographic characteristics and trace element distribution of high-purity quartz deposits from the Peshawar Basin, Pakistan: insights into processing and purification techniques
Tungsten solubility and speciation in hydrothermal solutions revealed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Insights from the compositional evolution of a multi-coloured, zoned tourmaline from the Cruzeiro pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Micro- to nano-sized solid inclusions in magnetite record skarn reactions
First in situ Lu–Hf garnet date for a lithium–caesium–tantalum (LCT) pegmatite from the Kietyönmäki Li deposit, Somero–Tammela pegmatite region, SW Finland
Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of detrital platinum-group minerals and gold particles from the Elbe, Germany
Multistage fluorite mineralization in the southern Black Forest, Germany: evidence from rare earth element (REE) geochemistry
Vibrational spectroscopic study of three Mg–Ni mineral series in white and greenish clay infillings of the New Caledonian Ni-silicate ores
New data on gersdorffite and associated minerals from the Peloritani Mountains (Sicily, Italy)
Ibrar Khan, Xiaoyong Yang, Mei Xia, and Zhenhui Hou
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 151–167, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-151-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-151-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated quartz vein ore from the Peshawar Basin, Pakistan, for producing high-purity quartz sand. Samples were purified and the analysis revealed fluid inclusions as main impurities. Post-purification, the quartz sand showed minimal inclusions and high SiO2 content (99.997–99.999 wt %). Impurity elements like Li and Al were significantly reduced. The refined quartz sands are deemed suitable for high-purity quartz products used in industrial applications.
Manuela Borchert, Maria A. Kokh, Marion Louvel, Elena F. Bazarkina, Anselm Loges, Edmund Welter, Denis Testemale, Rami Al Abed, Stephan Klemme, and Max Wilke
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 111–130, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-111-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-111-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tungsten (W) concentrations in fluids in equilibrium with crystalline tungsten oxide are used to improve constraints of thermodynamic parameters for W solubility. W species in the hydrothermal fluids are further characterized by X-ray spectroscopy. Improved thermodynamic properties for a set of W fluid species are provided that cover a wide range of fluid compositions, necessary for understanding and describing the complex processes of W enrichment and mineralization in hydrothermal systems.
Giovanni B. Andreozzi, Claudia Gori, Henrik Skogby, Ulf Hålenius, Alessandra Altieri, and Ferdinando Bosi
Eur. J. Mineral., 37, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-37-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The compositional variation in a multi-coloured, zoned tourmaline from the Cruzeiro pegmatite, Brazil, reflects melt chemical evolution during the entire pegmatite differentiation. In uncontaminated granitic pegmatite systems such as that of Cruzeiro, the compositional evolution of tourmaline progresses from schorl to fluor-elbaite, rather than directly from schorl to elbaite, to reflect co-enrichment in Li and F during fractional crystallization.
Igor González-Pérez, José María González-Jiménez, Lola Yesares, Antonio Acosta-Vigil, Jordi Llopís, and Fernando Gervilla
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 925–941, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-925-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-925-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines solid nano-inclusions in magnetite from the La Víbora magnesian skarn, Spain, revealing insights into mineral formation. We found two types of inclusions: representing fossilized skarn reactions and precipitated from supersaturated fluids. Nano-inclusions provide valuable clues about the Fe mineralization event, highlighting the significance of nano-inclusions in understanding geological processes and resource exploration.
Krisztián Szentpéteri, Kathryn Cutts, Stijn Glorie, Hugh O'Brien, Sari Lukkari, Radoslaw M. Michallik, and Alan Butcher
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In situ Lu–Hf geochronology of garnet is applied to date a Finnish lithium–caesium–tantalum (LCT) pegmatite from the Somero–Tammela pegmatite region. The age obtained was 1801 ± 53 Ma, which is consistent with zircon ages of 1815–1740 Ma obtained from the same pegmatite. We show the in situ Lu–Hf method is a fast way of obtaining reliable age dates from LCT pegmatites.
Malte Junge, Simon Goldmann, and Hermann Wotruba
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 439–459, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-439-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-439-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis by electron microprobe of platinum-group minerals, gold and cinnabar particles from heavy mineral concentrates of the Elbe showed a broad compositional variation of Os–Rus–Irs–(Pt) alloys as well as Pts–Fe alloys. The comparison with the literature showed that different sources account for the heavy mineral concentrate. This compositional variation of the alloys is also of interest for other placers of platinum-group minerals worldwide.
Robin Hintzen, Wolfgang Werner, Michael Hauck, Reiner Klemd, and Lennart A. Fischer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 403–426, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The diversity of chemical patterns in multi-stage fluorite mineralization from two neighbouring deposits in the Black Forest is investigated. From over 70 samples, 7 fluorite groups and 3 hydrothermal events are identified after chemical and mathematical classification. The relative chronology and features suggest different mineralization histories and source aquifers for both deposits despite their proximity. Genetic differences are likely controlled by different behaviours of their host rocks.
Emmanuel Fritsch, Etienne Balan, Sabine Petit, and Farid Juillot
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 743–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents and discusses mid- and near-infrared spectra of three Mg–Ni mineral series (serpentine-like and talc-like minerals, sepiolite) commonly found in reactivated faults and sequences of clay infillings of the New Caledonian Ni-silicate deposits. This spectroscopic study sheds light on the nature of the residual mineral phases found in the clay infillings (serpentine-like minerals) and reveals the aptitude of the newly formed minerals (talc-like minerals and sepiolite) to store Ni.
Daniela Mauro, Cristian Biagioni, and Federica Zaccarini
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 717–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-717-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-717-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work reports the full crystal-chemical characterization of gersdorffite from Contrada Zillì (Peloritani Mountains, Sicily, Italy). The structural type shown by gersdorffite (ordered polytype 213) and its chemistry agree with low-temperature crystallization conditions. Moreover, the chemical zoning of the studied crystals recorded changes in the crystallization physicochemical conditions. This zoning may be due to a multistage crystallization, related to the evolution of the ore deposits.
Cited articles
Alm, E. and Sundblad, K.: Sveconorwegian polymetallic quartz veins in
Sweden, Neues
Jb. Miner. Monat., 1, 1–22, 1994.
Alm, E., Sundblad, K., Fallick, A. E., and Broman, C.: The Harnäs gold quartz
veins, southwestern Sweden, in: Gold mineralization in the Nordic countries and Greenland, edited by: Ihlen, P. M., Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H.,
Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 6–7, 1995.
Alm, E., Broman, C., Billström, K., Sundblad, K., and Torssander, P.: Fluid
characteristics and genesis of early Neoproterozoic orogenic gold-quartz
veins in the Harnäs area, southwestern Sweden, Econ. Geol., 98,
1311–1328, 2003.
Bergman, T.: Mineralogisk-mineralkemisk undersökning av Ädelfors
guldfyndighet, norra Småland, Examensarbete, Geologiska Institutionen,
Stockholms Universitet, Maj 1986, 41 pp., 1986.
Bjørlykke, A., Ihlen, P. M., and Olerud, S.: Metallogeny and lead isotope data
from the Oslo paleorift, Tectonophysics, 178, 109–126, 1990.
Burton, G. R., Rosman, K. J. R., Candelone, J.-P., Burn, L. J., Boutron, C. F., and
Hong, S.: The impact of climatic conditions on Pb and Sr isotopic ratios
found in Greenland ice, 7–150 ky BP, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 259,
557–566, 2007.
Chapman, R., Mileham, T., Allan, M., and Mortensen, J.: A distinctive Pd-Hg
signature in detrital gold derived from alkalic Cu-Au porphyry systems, Ore
Geol. Rev., 83, 84–102, 2017.
Chapman, R. J. and Mortensen, J. K.: Characterization of gold mineralization
in the northern Cariboo Gold District, British Columbia, Canada, through
integration of compositional studies of lode and detrital gold with
historical placer production: A template for evaluation of orogenic gold
districts, Econ. Geol., 111, 1321–1345, 2016.
Chapman, R. J., Allan, M. M., Grimshaw, M. K., Mortensen, J. K., Wrighton, T. M., and
Casselman, S.: Pathfinder signatures in placer gold derived from Au-bearing
porphyries, in: Yukon
exploration and geology 2013, edited by: MacFarlane, K. E., Nordling, M. G., and Sack, P. J., Yukon Geological Survey, Whitehorse, 21–31, 2014.
Craw, D., Hesson, M., and Kerr, G.: Morphological evolution of gold nuggets in
proximal sedimentary environments, southern New Zealand, Ore Geol. Rev., 80,
784–799, 2017.
Dietz, C. and Heck, H.-L.: Geologische Karte von Deutschland, 1:25 000 –
Erläuterungen zu den Blättern Sylt-Nord und Sylt-Süd,
Landesanstalt für Angewandte Geologie, Kiel, 110 pp., 1952.
Ehlers, J., Grube, A., Stephan, H.-J., and Wansa, S.: Pleistocene glaciations of
North Germany – New results, Dev. Quat. Sci., 15, 149–162, 2011.
Felix-Henningsen, P. and Urban, B.: Paleoclimatic interpretation of a thick
intra-Saalian paleosol the “bleached loam” on the Drenthe moraines of
northern Germany, Catena, 9, 1–8, 1982.
Fonseca, B., Figueriredo, H., Rodrigues, J., Queiroz, A., and Tavares, T.:
Mobility of Cr, Pb, Cd,
Cu and Zn in a loamy sand soil: A comparative study, Geoderma, 164, 232–237,
2011.
Gaál, G. and Gorbatschev, R.: An outline of the Precambrian evolution
in the Baltic Shield, Precambrian Res., 35, 15–52, 1987.
Hallberg, A.: Metal sources in the early Proterozoic Svecofennian terrain of
central Sweden: Pb isotope evidence, Miner. Deposita, 24, 250–257, 1989.
Hallberg, A.: The Enåsen gold deposit, central Sweden. 1. A
palaeoproterozoic high-sulphidation epithermal gold mineralization, Miner. Deposita, 29, 150–162,
1994.
Hallberg, A.: The Enåsen gold deposit, central Sweden – a
Paleoproterozoic analogue to recent epithermal deposits, in: Gold mineralization in the Nordic
countries and Greenland, edited by: Ihlen, P. M.,
Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H., Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File
Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 39–41, 1995.
Hughes, P. D. and Gibbard, P. L.: Global glacier dynamics during 100 ka
Pleistocene glacial cycles, Quat. Res., 90, 222–243, 2018.
Hutta, J. J. and Wright, H. D.: The incorporation of uranium and silver by
hydrothermally synthesized galena, Econ. Geol., 59, 1003–1024, 1964.
Ihlen, P. M.: The geological evolution and metallogeny of the Oslo paleorift, in: Metallogeny associated with the Oslo
paleorift, edited by: Olerud, S. and Ihlen, P. M., Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. Ca, 59, 6–17, 1986a.
Ihlen, P. M.: The metallogeny of the Kongsberg district, in: Metallogeny associated with the Oslo paleorift, edited by: Olerud, S. and
Ihlen, P. M., Sveriges Geologiska
Undersökning, Ser. Ca, 59, 30–32, 1986b.
Ihlen, P. M.: Geology of gold deposits in the Eidsvoll – Odalen region,
Norway, in: Gold
mineralization in the Nordic countries and Greenland, edited by: Ihlen, P. M., Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H., Grønlands
Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 114–115, 1995.
Ihlen, P. M. and Nordrum, F. S.: The Kongsberg mining area – a road log, in: Metallogeny associated with the Oslo
paleorift, edited by:
Olerud, S. and Ihlen, P. M., Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. Ca, 59, 33–38, 1986.
Ihlen, P. M., Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H.: Gold mineralization in the Nordic
countries and Greenland, Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File
Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 181 pp., 1995.
Kamenov, G. D., Melchiorre, E. B., Ricker, F. N., and DeWitt, E.: Insights from Pb
isotopes for
native gold formation during hypogene and supergene processes at Rich Hill,
Arizona, Econ. Geol., 108, 1577–1589, 2013.
Kerr, G., Malloch, K., and Craw, D.: Diagenetic alteration of a Mesozoic fluvial
gold placer deposit, southern New Zealand, Ore Geol. Rev., 83, 14–29, 2017.
Kullerud, K.: Elektrum i Kongsberg – bevis för en oupptäckt
guldprovins?, Geologiskt Forum, 106, 16–19, 2020.
Lang, J., Lauer, T., and Winsemann, J.: New age constraints for the Saalian
glaciation in northern central Europe: Implications for the extent of ice
sheets and related proglacial lake systems, Quat. Sci. Rev., 180, 240–259,
2018.
Lierl, H.-J. and Jans, W.: Geschiebegold aus Schleswig-Holstein,
Geschiebekunde aktuell, 6, 49–57, 1990.
Lierl, H.-J. and Sänger von Oepen, P.: Gibt es Gold in
Schleswig-Holstein?, Die Heimat – Zeitschrift für Natur- und Landeskunde
von Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg, 5, 147–152, 1993.
Lindström, M., Lundqvist, J., and Lundqvist, T.: Sveriges geologi från
urtid till nutid,
2nd edn., Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 491 pp., 2000.
McInnes, M., Grennough, J. D., Freyer, B. J., and Wells, R.: Trace elements in
native gold by solution ICP-MS and their use in mineral exploration: A
British Columbia example, Appl. Geochem., 23, 1076–1085, 2008.
Oen, I. S. and Kieft, C.: Paragenetic relations of Bi-, Ag-, Au-, and other
tellurides in bornite veins at Glava, Värmland, Sweden, Neues Jb. Miner.
Abh., 149/3, 245–266, 1984.
Often, M.: Quaternary gold deposits in Norway, in: Gold mineralization in the Nordic countries and
Greenland, edited by: Ihlen, P. M., Pedersen, M., and
Stendal, H.,
Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 58–61,
1995.
Petersen, J. S. and Jensen, S. M.: Bleka gold fields in Telemark, South
Norway, in: Gold mineralization in the Nordic
countries and Greenland, edited by: Ihlen,
P. M., Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H., Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Open File
Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 62–64, 1995.
Plouffe, A., Anderson, R. G., Gruenwald, W., Davis, W. J., Bednarski, J. M.,
and Paulen, R. C.: Integrating ice-flow history, geochronology, geology, and
geophysics to trace mineralized glacial erratics to their bedrock source, an
example from south central British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 48,
1113–1130, 2011.
Rea, M. A., Shuster, J., Hoffmann, V. E., Schade, M., Bissett, A., and Reith, F.:
Does the primary deposit affect the biogeochemical transformation of placer
gold and associated biofilms?, Gondwana Res., 73, 77–95, 2019.
Reddy, S. J., Valenta, P., and Nürnberg, H. W.: Simultaneous determination of
the toxic trace
metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils by differential pulse anodic stripping
voltammetry, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 313, 390–394, 1982.
Reimann, C., Flem, B., Fabian, K., Birke, M., Ladenberger, A., Négrel,
P., Demetriades, A.,
and Hoogewerff, J.: The GEMAS Project Team. Lead and lead isotopes in
agricultural soils of Europe – The continental perspective, Appl. Geochem.,
27, 532–542, 2012.
Romer, R. L. and Wright, J. E.: Lead mobilization during tectonic
reactivation of the western Baltic Shield, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 57,
2555–2570, 1993.
Schade, M.: Gold- und Platinoid-Vorkommen in Deutschland, GOLD-Museum,
Theuern, Germany, 499 pp., 2014.
Schuth, S., König, S., and Münker, C.: Subduction zone dynamics in the
SW Pacific plate boundary region constrained from high-precision Pb isotope
data, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 311, 328–338, 2011.
Stackebrandt, W., Ludwig, A. O., and Ostaficzuk, S.: Base of Quaternary deposits
of the Baltic Sea depression and adjacent areas (map 2), Brandenburgische
Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 8, 13–19, 2001.
Stea, R. R. and Pe-Piper, G.: Using whole rock geochemistry to locate the
source of igneous erratics from drumlins on the Atlantic coast of Nova
Scotia, Boreas, 28, 308–325, 1999.
Stephan, H.-J.: Zur Entstehung der eiszeitlichen Landschaft
Schleswig-Holsteins, Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für
Schleswig-Holstein, 67, 101–118, 2003.
Stephan, H.-J.: Fließrichtungen eiszeitlicher Gletscher in
Schleswig-Holstein, Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für
Schleswig-Holstein, 75, 48–82, 2020.
Stewart, J., Kerr, G., Prior, D., Halfpenny, A., Pearce, M., Hough, R.,
and Craw, D.: Low
temperature recrystallisation of alluvial gold in paleoplacer deposits, Ore
Geol. Rev., 88, 43–56, 2017.
Sundblad, K.: Metallogeny of gold in the Precambrian of northern Europe,
Econ. Geol., 98, 1271–1290, 2003.
Sundblad, K. and Ihlen, P. M.: Gold mineralization in Fennoscandia: An
overview, in: Gold mineralization in the
Nordic countries and Greenland, edited by: Ihlen, P. M., Pedersen, M., and Stendal, H., Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse,
Open File Series, Copenhagen, 95/10, 114–148, 1995.
Trusheim, F.: Mechanism of salt migration in northern Germany, Bull. Am.
Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 44, 1519–1540, 1960.
Short summary
On the west coast of the German North Sea island of Sylt, an electrum–quartz pebble weighing 10.4 g was discovered in a cliff of Saalian glaciogenic sediments. This is an unusually large and rare precious metal to find. Within our paper we document and characterize this discovery. An attempt to investigate its provenance points towards a southern Norwegian origin. This leads to the conclusion that ice advance events were involved in transporting this pebble from Norway to Germany.
On the west coast of the German North Sea island of Sylt, an electrum–quartz pebble weighing...