1. Two basin transition events occurred at ca. 295–265 Ma and ca. 250–240 Ma.
2. Retroarcbasin evolved from Carboniferous extension to Permian
3. Retroarcdrainage reorganization in syn-orogenic basin occurred at mid-Triassic.
4. Retroarcbasin fluctuation coincided with changing tectonic regime of the
5. An evolving Andean-type arc system across the northern North China was depicted.

Researchers studying the Bayan Obo deposit in northern China discovered an unknown mineral named xianhuaite-(Ce). The mineral contains the elements potassium, cerium, and niobium. Using microscopes, chemical analyses, and X-ray measurements, the researchers determined its structure and properties. The study shows that this mineral records the formation of rare earth and niobium ores in geological processes, improving our understanding of how these important resources formed.

Liguowuite, a new member of the non-stoichiometric perovskite group minerals, ideally WO₃, has been found in the Panzhihua–Xichang region, China. Liguowuite is monoclinic and is in space group P2₁ / n, with a = 7.32582(18) Å, b = 7.54767(18) Å, c = 7.71128(18) Å, β = 90.678(3)°, V = 426.348(19) ų, and Z = 8. According to the hierarchical scheme for perovskite supergroup minerals, liguowuite is the first reported example of A-site vacant single oxide, i.e., a new perovskite subgroup.