Two new minerals, zhenruite, ideally (MoO₃)₂·H₂O, and tianhuixinite, ideally (MoO₃)₃·H₂O, are described. Zhenruite is monoclinic with space group P2₁/m and unit-cell parameters a = 9.6790(6), b = 3.70653(19), c = 7.1029(4) Å, β = 102.391(5)°, V = 248.89(2) ų, and Z =2. Tianhuixinite is hexagonal with space group P6₃/m and unit-cell parameters a = 10.5963(12), c = 3.7216(4) Å, V = 361.88(9) ų, and Z =2. 

Spaltiite, ideally Tl₂Cu₂As₂S₅ (Z = 4), is a new thallium sulfosalt mineral discovered at the renowned Lengenbach locality in the Binn Valley, Canton of Valais, Switzerland. Spaltiite is a distinctly layered structure, with alternation of polar As–Cu layers and two somewhat different types of thallium layers.

This study examines how trace elements are distributed between melt and crystals during dacite crystallization (675–775 °C, 200 MPa) using a two-step experiment combining long-duration runs and a mineral trap technique. Residual melts were effectively separated and analysed. LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) data for elements like P, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ce, Yb, and U reveal that, while Cs and U stay incompatible, other elements are affected by the type of crystallizing minerals.

Keutschite, Cu₂AgAsS₄, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon District, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. The ideal formula, derived from the crystal structure, is Cu₂AgAsS_4. The name honours Frank Keutsch (Harvard University), a German chemist who first drew attention to the mineral during his study of the minerals of the alabandite zone of the Uchucchacua deposit.

We conducted this research to gain an understanding of the unknown crystal structure of mineral launayite, which contains elements like antimony, copper, and lead. Using advanced X-ray techniques, we solved its crystal structure and discovered new details, such as unit cell parameters, symmetry, and substitutions. These findings provide accurate information about its relationship with rouxelite.

This study compares trace elements with the Spruce Pine pegmatite deposits in the United States and the pegmatite deposits in East Qinling in China to explore which types of deposits have the potential to become high-purity quartz raw material deposits. In addition, we also carried out technical purification and economic evaluation of the collected samples, aiming to provide guidance on technical purification and trace element determination of high-purity quartz deposits.

Åsgruvanite-(Ce) is a new rare Earth element (REE) mineral from Åsgruvan in Västmanland, Sweden, linked to Bastnäs-type mineralisation. The chemical formula ideally includes cerium, aluminium, silicon, arsenic, carbonate groups, chlorine, and fluorine. The mineral forms small, grey-green, lustrous grains with distinct cleavage and high density and is associated with carbonates and REE minerals like gadolinite and an allanite-like mineral. It has a unique layered crystal structure.

We report a new ultra-high-pressure (UHP) locality in the western Alps (Italy). Micro-Raman analyses of garnet-hosted inclusions reveal the metamorphic evolution from the prograde path to exhumation. The finding of coesite in the Internal Piedmont Zone (IPZ) meta-ophiolites of Orco Valley suggests that UHP localities represent remnants of a former level that underwent comparable conditions in the coesite stability field in the oceanic slab, from Lago di Cignana to Monviso Massif.

Orthopyroxenes are important rock-forming minerals. They are solid solutions mainly between an Mg and a Fe endmember. Their thermodynamic properties are needed to model the P–T–X paths of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Samples along this Fe–Mg binary were synthesized at 800 °C/1.5 GPa, and their heat capacity was measured using calorimetric methods. From these data, the entropies along the solid solution could be derived, and it was found that this solution behaves thermodynamically ideally.

We conducted experimental and computational studies, compiling datasets of compounds with established refractive indices and supplementing them with our measurements of compounds containing I⁻, Br⁻, or Br⁷⁺. We calculated the electronic polarizabilities of these ions to estimate the mean refractive index of I- and Br-containing compounds. Results were compared to the Gladstone–Dale approach, confirming their reliability in predicting optical properties.

Synthetic lepidolites and Li-muscovites have been investigated using two-dimensional cross-polarisation heteronuclear correlation magic-angle-spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic experiments. All results show a related ordering of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets, with more tetrahedral Al sites close to Al-rich octahedral sites preferably coordinated by OH^- anions and Si-rich tetrahedral regions close to Li-rich octahedral sites preferably coordinated by F^- anions.

This study explains how scientists determine whether a newly found solid phase is truly a natural mineral. We refine existing guidelines by introducing updated recommendations that improve the credibility of proposals for minerals with uncertain origins. Using three examples, we show how geological and textural evidence can confirm or challenge natural authenticity. Our new checklist helps reduce misinterpretation and ensures more reliable mineral recognition.

The Ertelien and Langedalen Ni–Cu sulfide deposits are hosted in gabbronorite intrusions formed in a convergent margin. The Ertelien deposit contains contact-related sulfides, whereas the Langedalen deposit hosts massive sulfides within extensively deformed gabbronorite lenses. Both are depleted in platinum-group elements (PGEs), which could be related to a metasomatized pyroxenitic mantle source. Isotopic data support a subduction-related origin around 1550 Ma, with magmatic signatures preserved despite later alteration.

Kayupovaite is a new mineral named in honor of Maria Mikhailovna Kayupova (1921–1980), the mineralogist who studied the Ushkatyn-III deposit (Kazakhstan), the type of locality of the described mineral. Kayupovaite is monoclinic and of space group C2/c. The mineral belongs to the group of modulated manganese phyllosilicates and is structurally related to stilpnomelane. The absence of iron in the mineral is a result of oxidative Mn–Fe fractionation during the formation of braunite-rich Mn ores.

The paper describes an analysis of the crystal structures of the minerals of the triphylite, alluaudite, zwieselite, and graftonite groups, from the perspective of the ubiquitous presence of 2-polyhedra-wide ribbons formed from corner linking of M₂(PO₄)₂Φ₈ cyclic tetramers. The study helps to unify the crystal chemistry of the four most dominant primary Fe and Mn phosphate mineral groups in granitic pegmatites.

The two most recent eruptive events of Nisyros volcano (Greece) record the interaction between variably evolved magmas by the presence of mafic enclaves, indicative of multiple recharge events within the magma chamber. We use the mineral chemistry composition to constrain the location of the main eruptible reservoirs and their evolution at the transition from explosive to effusive activities, with implications for magma migration and storage in the crust.

During project STARDUST, over 5500 specimens were recovered. Among them, a micrometeorite from Oslo (NMM/L2) revealed a new Al–Cu alloy with Al₄Cu₉ stoichiometry. This phase was approved as a new mineral named jonlarsenite. The microspherule shows features typical of micrometeorites. Its extraterrestrial origin is confirmed by oxygen isotope composition and chondritic chemistry, similar to previously known Al–Cu meteoritic materials.

Calcium silicate perovskite (Ca-pv) is the third most abundant mineral in Earth's interior. Knowledge of its elasticity is significant for deciphering the origins of seismic signatures. Elasticities and sound velocities of Ca-pv have been theoretically investigated. Compositional effects on elastic properties and velocity anisotropies of Ca-pv are significant at lower-mantle pressures. Ca-pv may be related to the observed seismic anomalies associated with subducted oceanic crust in the lower mantle.

Suenoite is a new Pnma amphibole discovered in the Mn ore deposit of Scortico–Ravazzone, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. Its discovery adds further complexity to the amphibole supergroup, and it represents the first Pnma amphibole with ^BMn²⁺.

A suite of clinopyroxenes from ankaramitic magmas of the Miocene Teno massif and Roque del Conde shield volcanoes (Tenerife, Canary Islands) were studied to obtain geothermobarometric information on the anatomy of the volcano plumbing system.

Marioantofilliite, ideally [Cu₄Al₂(OH)₁₂](CO₃)•3H₂O, is a new member of the hydrotalcite supergroup occurring as a supergene mineral in the Cu–Fe deposit of Monte Copello–Reppia (Liguria, Italy). Its name honours Mario Antofilli (1920–1983) for his contribution to the knowledge of the mineralogy of Liguria. Its discovery and description improve the knowledge of layered double hydroxides (LD), with implications for the group of Cu–Al LDH actively studied for its technological properties. 

Seventeen tourmalines from Brazil were investigated by structural and chemical techniques. Most samples are Na-dominant and belong to the alkali group. They correspond to fluor-elbaites or elbaites, except one sample, which corresponds to a rossmanite. Structural data indicate that the B site is fully occupied by boron, that the T site is occupied by Si, and that the Z site is mainly occupied by Al. The X site contains vacancies, Na, K, and Ca, and the Y site is mainly occupied by Li, Al, and Fe²⁺.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to characterise the structural properties of a CaIrO₃ orthorhombic perovskite-type structure under ambient and high pressures. It has been found that the structure of this compound is more distorted than other CaO perovskites. Structural determination at high pressure also shows a peculiar compression behaviour that is different from the other CaO perovskites. This explains why this material is much stiffer than expected.