Bulatovic, S. M.: Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice: Volume 1: Flotation of Sulfide Ores, Elsevier Science, Elsevier Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53029-5.X5009-6, 2007.
Carmichael, C. M.: The magnetic properties of ilmenite-haematite crystals, P. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. Math. Phys. Sci. Math. Phys. Sci., 263, 508–530, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1961.0177, 1961.
Cawthorn, R.: The Bushveld Complex, South Africa, in: Layered Intrusions, edited by: Charlier, B., Namur, O., Latypov, R., and Tegner, C., Springer Geology, Springer, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9652-1_12, 2015.
Cawthorn, R. G. and Molyneux, T. G.: Vandafiferous magnetite deposits of the bushveld complex, in: Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa Vols I & II, edited by: Anhaeusser, C. R. and Maske, S., Geol. Soc. S. Afr., Johannesburg, 1251–1266, 1986.
Charlier, B., Namur, O., Duchesne, J.-C., Wiszniewska, J., Parecki, A., and vander Auwera, J.: Cumulate Origin and Polybaric Crystallization of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in the Suwalki Anorthosite, Northeastern Poland, Econ. Geol., 104, 205–221, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.104.2.205, 2009.
Charlier, B., Namur, O., Latypov, R., and Tegner, C.: Layered intrusions (1st edn.), Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9652-1, 2015a.
Charlier, B., Namur, O., Bolle, O., Latypov, R., and Duchesne, J. C.: Fe-Ti-V-P ore deposits associated with Proterozoic massif-type anorthosites and related rocks, Earth Sci. Rev., 141, 56–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.005, 2015b.
Dai, C., He, H., Chen, P., Yang, Y., Zhai, J., and Sun, W.: Surface modification of ilmenite with sodium persulfate and its effect on flotation performance, Appl. Surf. Sci., 680, 161354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.161354, 2025.
Duchesne, J.-C.: Microtextures of Fe-Ti oxide minerals in the south-rogaland anorthositic complex (Norway), Ann. Soc. Belg., 93, 527–544, 1970.
Duchesne, J.-C.: Iron-Titanium Oxide Minerals in the Bjerkrem-Sogndal Massif, South-western Norway, J. Petrol., 13, 57–81, 1972.
Guo, X., Cui, S., Dai, S., Han, J., and Wang, C.: Investigation of microcrack formation in vanadium-titanium magnetite using different crushing processes, J. South. Afr. Insitute Min. Metall., 119, 811–816, 2019.
Haggerty, S. E.: Oxide textures – A mini-atlas, in: Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 25: Oxide Minerals – Petrologic and Magnetic Significance, edited by: Lindsley, D. H., Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, 129–219, https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501508684-008, 1991.
Jarosewich, E.: Smithsonian Microbeam Standards, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 107, 681–685,
http://www.nist.gov/jres (last access: 1 September 2025), 2002.
Kelley, K. D., Scott, C. T., Polyak, D. E., and Kimball, B. E.: Vanadium, in: Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply, edited by: Schultz, K. J., DeYoung, J. H., Seal II, R. R., and Bradley, D. C., Professional Paper 1802, US Geological Survey, Virginia, 797, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802U, 2017.
Latypov, R. M., Namur, O., Bai, Y., Barnes, S. J., Chistyakova, S. Y., Holness, M. B., Iacono-Marziano, G., Kruger, W. A. J., O’Driscoll, B., Smith, W. D., Virtanen, V. J., Wang, C. Y., Xing, C. M., and Charlier, B.: Layered intrusions: Fundamentals, novel observations and concepts, and controversial issues, Earth Sci. Rev., 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104653, 2024.
Li, J., He, H., Shao, Y., Liu, C., Li, R., Chen, H., and Meng, X.: Efficient Flotation Separation of Ilmenite and Olivine in a Weak Alkaline Pulp Using a Ternary Combination Collector Centered around Al3+, Molecules, 29, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184379, 2024.
Lindsley, D. H.: Experimental studies of oxide minerals, in: Oxide Minerals, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, edited by: Lindsley, D. H., 69–106, Walter de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501508684-006, 1991.
Månbro, C., Parian, M., and Rosenkranz, J.: Exploring the role of ore texture in comminution and approaches to identify and promote non-random breakage, Miner. Eng., 230, 109405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109405, 2025.
Molyneux, T. G.: A Geological investigation of the Bushveld complex in Sekhukhuneland and part of the steelport valley, Trans. Geol. Soc. South Afr., 77, 329–338, 1974.
Mücke, A.: Magnetite, ilmenite and ulvite in rocks and ore deposits: petrography, microprobe analyses and genetic implications, Mineral. Petrol., 77, 215–234, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-002-0216-1, 2003.
Namur, O. and Charlier, B.: Efficiency of compaction and compositional convection during mafic crystal mush solidification: the Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 163, 1049–1068, 2012.
Namur, O. and Humphreys, M. C. S.: Trace Element Constraints on the Differentiation and Crystal Mush Solidification in the Skaergaard Intrusion, Greenland, J. Petrol., 59, 387–418, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy032, 2018.
Namur, O., Charlier, B., Toplis, M. J., Higgins, M. D., Liégeois, J. P., and vander Auwera, J.: Crystallization sequence and magma chamber processes in the ferrobasaltic Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada, J. Petrol., 51, 1203–1236, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq016, 2010.
Namur, O., Abily, B., Boudreau, A. E., Blanchette, F., Bush, J. W. M., Ceuleneer, G., Charlier, B., Donaldson, C. H., Duchesne, J.-C., Higgins, M. D., Morata, D., Nielsen, T. F. D., O'Driscoll, B., Pang, K. N., Peacock, T., Spandler, C. J., Toramaru, A., and Veksler, I. V.: Igneous layering in basaltic magma chambers, in: Layered Intrusions, edited by: Charlier, B., Namur, O., Latypov, R., and Tegner, C., Springer Geology, Dordrecht, 75–152, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9652-1, 2015.
Parapari, P. S.: Efficient mineral liberation – Multidimensional investigation of mechanical stress and ore texture, Ph.D. Dissertation, Luleå University of Technology, 2021.
Price, G. D.: Exsolution microstructures in titanomagnetites and their magnetic significance, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 23, 2–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(80)90078-3, 1980.
Ramdohr, P.: Ulvöspinel and its significance in titaniferous iron ores, Econ. Geol., 48, 677–688, 1953.
Reynolds, I. M.: The Nature and Origin of Titaniferous Magnetite-Rich Layers in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex: A Review and Synthesis, Econ. Geol., 80, 1089–1108, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.4.1089, 1985.
Rulyov, N. N.: Combined microflotation of fine minerals: theory and experiment, Miner. Process. Extr. Metall., 125, 81–85, https://doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2016.1156303, 2016.
Rulyov, N. N., Filippov, L. O., and Kravchenko, O. V.: Combined microflotation of glass beads, Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 598, 124810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124810, 2020.
Scoon, R. N. and Mitchell, A. A.: The upper zone of the bushveld complex at roossenekal, south africa: Geochemical stratigraphyand evidence of multiple episodes of magma replenishment, South Afr. J. Geol., 115, 515–534, https://doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.115.4.515, 2012.
Shepherd, K., Namur, O., Toplis, M. J., Devidal, J. L., and Charlier, B.: Trace element partitioning between clinopyroxene, magnetite, ilmenite and ferrobasaltic to dacitic magmas: an experimental study on the role of oxygen fugacity and melt composition, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 177, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01957-y, 2022.
Tan, W., Liu, P., He, H., Wang, C. Y., and Liang, X.: Mineralogy and origin of exsolution in Ti-rich magnetite from different magmatic Fe-Ti oxide-bearing intrusions, Can. Mineral., 54, 539–553, https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1400069, 2016.
Taner, M. F., Ercit, T. S., and Gault, R. A.: Vanadium-bearing Magnetite from the Matagami and Chibougamau Mining Districts, Abitibi, Quebec, Canada, Explor. Min. Geol., 7, 299–311, 1998.
Taylor, C. D., Schulz, K. J., Doebrich, J. L., Orris, G. J., Denning, P. D., Kirschbaum, M. J., and Myers, M. D.: Geology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of Africa and the Middle East, U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005–1294-E, 2009.
Taylor, P. R., Shuey, S. A., Vidal, E. E., and Gomez, J. C.: Extractive metallurgy of vanadium-containing titaniferous magnetite ores: A review, Miner. Metall. Process., 23, 80–86, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03403340, 2006.
Von Gruenewaldt, G., Klemm, D. D., Henckel, J., and Dehm, R. M.: Exsolution features in titanomagnetites from massive magnetite layers and their host rocks of the upper zone, eastern Bushveld complex, Econ. Geol., 80, 1049–1061, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.4.1049, 1985.
Wang, J., Jiang, T., Liu, Y., and Xue, X.: Influence of microwave treatment on grinding and dissociation characteristics of vanadium titano-magnetite, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26, 160–167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1720-1, 2019.
Wills, B. A. and Finch, J. A.: Chapter 12 – Froth Flotation, in: Wills' Mineral Processing Technology, 8th edn., edited by: Wills, B. A. and Finch, J. A., Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 265–380, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097053-0.00012-1, 2015.
Xu, C., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., and Huang, J.: Characterization and Pre-Concentration of Low-Grade Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Ore, Minerals, 7, https://doi.org/10.3390/min7080137, 2017.
Yuan, Q., Namur, O., Fischer, L. A., Roberts, R. J., Lü, X., and Charlier, B.: Pulses of plagioclase-laden magmas and stratigraphic evolution in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, J. Petrol., 58, 1619–1644, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egx067, 2017.
Zeh, A., Ovtcharova, M., Wilson, A. H., and Schaltegger, U.: The Bushveld Complex was emplaced and cooled in less than one million years – results of zirconology, and geotectonic implications, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 418, 103–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.02.035, 2015.
Zhitao, Y. and Kuangdi, X.: Mineral Magnetism, in: Xu, K. (Ed.), The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, 1–2, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_475-1, 2022.
Zhou, M. F., Robinson, P. T., Lesher, C. M., Keays, R. R., Zhang, C. J., and Malpas, J.: Geochemistry, petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion and associated Fe-Ti-V Oxide deposits, sichuan province, SW China, J. Petrol., 46, 2253–2280, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi054, 2005.
