Bindeman, I. N. and Serebryakov, N. S.: Geology, Petrology and O and H isotope geochemistry of remarkably
18O depleted Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Belomorian Belt, Karelia, Russia, attributed to global glaciation 2.4 Ga, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 306, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.03.031, 2011.
Giuliani, G. and Groat, L. A.: Geology of corundum and emerald gem deposits: a review, Gems Gemol., 55, 464–489, https://doi.org/10.5741/GemS.55.4.464, 2019.
Giuliani, G., Christian, F. L., Cheilletz, A., Coget, P., Branquet, Y., and Laumonier, B.: Sulphate reduction by organic matter in Colombian emerald deposits: Chemical and stable isotope (C, O, H) evidence, Econ. Geol., 95, 5, 1129–1153, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.95.5.1129, 2000.
Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A. E., Groat, L. A., and Fagan, A. J.: The geology and genesis of gem corundum deposits, in: Geology of Gem Deposits, 2nd edn., edited by: Groat, L. A., Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series 44, 29–112, https://doi.org/10.3749/9780921294696.ch02, 2014.
Hughes, R. W.: Ruby and sapphire: a gemologist's guide, RWH Publishing/Lotus Publishing, 816 pp., 2017.
Jochum, K. P., Nohl, U., Herwig, K., Lammel, E., Stoll, B., and Hofmann, A. W.: GeoReM: a new geochemical database for reference materials and isotopic standards, Geostand. Geoanalytical Res., 29, 333–338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-08X.2005.tb00904.x, 2005.
Jochum, K. P., Weis, U., Stoll, B., Kuzmin, D., Yang, Q., Raczek, I., Jacob, D. E., Stracke, A., Birbaum, K., Frick, D. A., Günther, D., and Enzweiler, J.: Determination of reference values for NIST SRM 610-617 glasses following ISO Guidelines. Geostand. Geoanalytical Res., 35, 397–429, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2011.00120.x, 2011.
Li, X. H. and Li, Q. L.: Major advances in microbeam analytical techniques and their applications in Earth Science, Sci. Bull., 61, 1785–1787, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1197-5, 2016.
Liu, Z., Lin, J., Jiang, X., Zhu, X., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., and Hu, Z.: First attempt to determine oxygen isotopes in oxygen by MC-ICP-MS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 40, 1192–1202, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA00025D, 2025.
Muhlmeister, S., Fritsch, E., Shigley, J. E., Devouard, B., and Laurs, B. M.: Separating natural and synthetic rubies on the basis of trace-element chemistry, Gems Gemol., 34, 80–101, 1998.
Pack, A.: Isotopic Traces of Atmospheric O
2 in Rocks, Minerals, and Melts, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 86, 217–240, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2021.86.07, 2021.
Palke, A. C., Wong, J., Verdel, C., and Avila, J. N.: A common origin for Thai/Cambodian rubies and blue and violet sapphires from Yogo Gulch, Montana, USA?, Am. Mineral., 103, 469–479, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6164, 2018.
Peucat, J. J., Ruffault, P., Fritsch, E., Bouhnik-Le Coz, M., Simonet, C., and Lasnier, B.:
ratios as a new geochemical tool to differentiate magmatic from metamorphic blue sapphires, Lithos, 98, 261–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.05.001, 2007.
Pomian-Srzednicki, I.: Caractérisation des corindons par mesure du rapport isotopique de l'oxygène
, Diploma work, Université de Lausanne, Institut de Minéralogie et Pétrographie, 94 pp., 1997.
Schmidt, S., Hertwig, A., Schmitt, A., Cionoiu, K., McKeegan, K., Bindeman, I., Pack, A., and Rocco, T.: A corundum reference material for oxygen isotope analysis by secondary ionization mass spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 39, 439–446, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3JA00229B, 2024.
Sorokina, E. S., Rassomakhin, M. ., Nikandrov, S. N., Karampelas, S., Kononkova, N. N., Nikolaev, A. G., Anosova, M. O., Somsikova, A. V., Kostitsyn, Y. A., and Kotlyarov, V. A.: Origin of Blue Sapphire in Newly Discovered Spinel–Chlorite–Muscovite Rocks within Meta-Ultramafites of Ilmen Mountains, South Urals of Russia: Evidence from Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Isotopic Data, Minerals, 9, 36, https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010036, 2019.
Sorokina, E. S., Botcharnikov, R. E., Kostitsyn, Yu. A., Rösel, D., Häger, T., Rassomakhin, M. A., Kononkova, N. N., Somsikova, A. V., Berndt, J., Ludwig, Th., Medvedeva, E. V., and Hofmeister, W.: Sapphire-bearing magmatic rocks trace the boundary between paleo-continents: A case study of Ilmenogorsky alkaline complex, Uralian collision zone of Russia, Gondwana Res., 92, 239–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2021.01.001, 2021.
Sutherland, F. L., Zaw, K., Meffre, S., Thompson, J., Goemann, K., Thu, K., Nu, T. T., Zin, M. M., and Harris, S. J.: Diversity in Ruby Geochemistry and Its Inclusions: Intra- and Inter-Continental Comparisons from Myanmar and Eastern Australia, Minerals, 9, 28, https://doi.org/10.3390/min9010028, 2009.
Trail, D., Mojzsis, S. J., Harrison, T. M., Schmitt, A. K., Watson, E. B., and Young, E. D.: Constraints on Hadean zircon protoliths from oxygen isotopes, Ti‐thermometry, and rare earth elements, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, 1–22, 2007.
Vysotskiy, S. V., Ignat’ev, A. V., Levitskii, V. I., Nechaev, V. P., Velivetskaya, T. A., and Yakovenko V. V.: Geochemistry of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in minerals and corundum-bearing rocks in northern Karelia as an indicator of their unusual genesis, Geochem. Int., 52, 773–782, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702914090109, 2014.
Wang, H., Cartier, L., Baumgartner, L., Bouvier, A.-S., Bégué, F., Chalain, J.-P., and Krzemnicki, M.: A Preliminary SIMS Study Using Carbon Isotopes to Separate Natural from Synthetic Diamonds, J. Gemmol., 36, 38–43, https://doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2018.36.1.38, 2018.
Wiedenbeck, M., Hanchar, J. M., Peck, W. H., Sylvester, P., Valley, J., Whitehouse, M., Kronz, A., Morishita, Y., Nasdala, L., Fiebig, J., and Franchi, I.: Further characterisation of the 91500 zircon crystal, Geostand. Geoanalytical Res., 28, 9–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2004.tb01041.x, 2004.
Wong, J. and Verdel, C.: Tectonic environments of sapphire and ruby revealed by a global oxygen isotope compilation, Int. Geol. Rev., 60, 188–195, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1327373, 2017.