Articles | Volume 36, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-845-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-845-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 19 Sep 2024
| 19 Sep 2024
Chrome incorporation in high-pressure Fe–Mg oxides
Alan B. Woodland
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Katrin Schumann
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Laura Uenver-Thiele
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Kevin Rosbach
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Tiziana Boffa Ballaran
Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
Caterina Melai
Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
now at: Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
Elena Bykova
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Related authors
Alan B. Woodland, Andrei V. Girnis, Vadim K. Bulatov, Gerhard P. Brey, and Heidi E. Höfer
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We experimentally explored direct entrapment of breyite (CaSiO3) by diamond at upper-mantle conditions in a model subducted sediment rather than formation by retrogression of CaSiO3 perovskite, implying a deeper origin. Anhydrous low-T melting of CaCO3+SiO2 precludes breyite formation. Under hydrous conditions, reduction of melt results in graphite with breyite. Thus, breyite inclusions in natural diamond may form from aragonite + coesite or carbonate melt at 6–8 GPa via reduction with water.
Alan B. Woodland, Andrei V. Girnis, Vadim K. Bulatov, Gerhard P. Brey, and Heidi E. Höfer
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We experimentally explored direct entrapment of breyite (CaSiO3) by diamond at upper-mantle conditions in a model subducted sediment rather than formation by retrogression of CaSiO3 perovskite, implying a deeper origin. Anhydrous low-T melting of CaCO3+SiO2 precludes breyite formation. Under hydrous conditions, reduction of melt results in graphite with breyite. Thus, breyite inclusions in natural diamond may form from aragonite + coesite or carbonate melt at 6–8 GPa via reduction with water.
Related subject area
Experimental petrology
Magma storage conditions of Lascar andesites, central volcanic zone, Chile
Chemical interdiffusion between Na-series tephritic and phonolitic melts with different H2O content, temperature, and oxygen fugacity values
Re-equilibration of quartz inclusions in garnet
H2 mobility and redox control in open vs. closed hydrothermal oceanic systems – evidence from serpentinization experiments
A brief history of solid inclusion piezobarometry
Li–Na interdiffusion and diffusion-driven lithium isotope fractionation in pegmatitic melts
Depth profile analyses by femtosecond laser ablation (multicollector) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for resolving chemical and isotopic gradients in minerals
A revised model for activity–composition relations in solid and molten FePt alloys and a preliminary model for characterization of oxygen fugacity in high-pressure experiments
Elasticity of mixtures and implications for piezobarometry of mixed-phase inclusions
In situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction of olivine inclusion in diamond from Shandong, China: implications for the depth of diamond formation
One-atmosphere high-temperature CO–CO2–SO2 gas-mixing furnace: design, operation, and applications
CO2 diffusion in dry and hydrous leucititic melt
Melting relations of Ca–Mg carbonates and trace element signature of carbonate melts up to 9 GPa – a proxy for melting of carbonated mantle lithologies
High-pressure homogenization of olivine-hosted CO2-rich melt inclusions in a piston cylinder: insight into the volatile content of primary mantle melts
Carbon-saturated COH fluids in the upper mantle: a review of high-pressure and high-temperature ex situ experiments
The influence of oxygen fugacity and chlorine on amphibole–liquid trace element partitioning at upper-mantle conditions
Effect of chlorine on water incorporation in magmatic amphibole: experimental constraints with a micro-Raman spectroscopy approach
A combined Fourier transform infrared and Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy study of the substitution and diffusion of H in Cr-doped forsterite
Grain boundary diffusion and its relation to segregation of multiple elements in yttrium aluminum garnet
Melting relations of anhydrous olivine-free pyroxenite Px1 at 2 GPa
Breyite inclusions in diamond: experimental evidence for possible dual origin
André Stechern, Magdalena Blum-Oeste, Roman E. Botcharnikov, François Holtz, and Gerhard Wörner
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 721–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lascar volcano, located in northern Chile, is among the most active volcanoes of the Andes. Its activity culminated in the last major explosive eruption in April 1993. We carried out experiments at high temperatures (up to 1050 °C) and pressures (up to 5000 bar) in the lab, and we used a wide variety of geochemical methods to provide comprehensive constraints on the depth and temperature of the magma chamber beneath Lascar volcano.
Diego González-García, Florian Pohl, Felix Marxer, Stepan Krasheninnikov, Renat Almeev, and François Holtz
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 623–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-623-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the exchange of chemical elements by diffusion between magmas of tephritic and phonolitic composition from the Canary Islands, performing experiments at high pressure and high temperature with different amounts of added water. Our results characterize the way water and temperature affect the diffusion process, and we also find unexpectedly high mobility of aluminium, which may be related to its variable chemical bonding in highly alkaline melts.
Benjamin A. Pummell and Jay B. Thomas
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 581–597, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mechanical interaction between quartz inclusions in garnet creates residual pressure in the inclusion used to calculate the pressure and temperature where the two minerals formed. We crystallised quartz and garnet at high pressure and temperature and then adjusted the experimental pressure to observe the interaction between the quartz inclusions and garnet host. The quartz and garnet adjust to the new experimental pressures, reset inclusion pressures, and no longer match entrapment conditions.
Colin Fauguerolles, Teddy Castelain, Johan Villeneuve, and Michel Pichavant
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 555–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-555-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-555-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To explore the influence of the redox state of the environment on the serpentinization reaction, we have developed an original experimental setup. Reducing conditions, leading to the formation of serpentine and magnetite, and oxidizing conditions, leading to the formation of serpentine and hematite, are discussed in terms of analogues of low- and high-permeability hydrothermal systems, respectively. The influence of the redox on brucite stability and hydrogen production is also established.
Ross J. Angel, Matteo Alvaro, and Silvio Ferrero
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 411–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Inclusions in natural rocks are an invaluable asset for geoscientists because they provide information about processes in the Earth's history that are otherwise hidden or subsequently overprinted. In this paper we review the development over the last 200 years of the concepts and methods to measure the remnant pressures in mineral inclusions and how they can be used to determine pressures and temperatures at which the inclusions were formed deep within the Earth.
Christian R. Singer, Harald Behrens, Ingo Horn, Martin Oeser, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 1009–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Li is a critical element that is often enriched in pegmatites. To better understand the enrichment of Li in such systems, it is necessary to understand the underlying transport mechanisms. We performed experiments to investigate diffusion rates and exchange mechanisms of Li between a Li-rich and a Li-poor melt at high temperature and pressure. Our results indicate that fluxing elements do not increase the diffusivity of Li compared to a flux-free melt.
Martin Oeser, Ingo Horn, Ralf Dohmen, and Stefan Weyer
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 813–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new method designed to analyze micrometer-scale chemical and isotopic profiles in minerals, glasses, and other solids. The employed technique combines plasma mass spectrometers and a state-of-the-art femtosecond laser equipped with open-source software (LinuxCNC) that controls the movement of the laser beam. It allows for equably drilling into the sample surface, e.g., in order to measure chemically or isotopically zoned or heterogeneous materials at micrometer scales.
Marc M. Hirschmann and Hongluo L. Zhang
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 789–803, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We calibrate new models for the properties of solid and liquid FePt alloy. FePt alloy is used in experiments investigating the origin, differentiation, and evolution of planets to characterize oxygen fugacity. The new models facilitate use of FePt for more extreme conditions than has been possible previously. We also describe shortcomings in the present knowledge of FePt alloy properties and highlight strategies that could improve such knowledge.
Ross J. Angel, Mattia L. Mazzucchelli, Kira A. Musiyachenko, Fabrizio Nestola, and Matteo Alvaro
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 461–478, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the thermodynamic theory of the properties of inclusions consisting of more than one phase, including inclusions containing solids plus a fluid. We present a software utility that enables for the first time the entrapment conditions of multiphase inclusions to be determined from the measurement of their internal pressure when that is measured in a laboratory.
Yanjuan Wang, Fabrizio Nestola, Huaikun Li, Zengqian Hou, Martha G. Pamato, Davide Novella, Alessandra Lorenzetti, Pia Antonietta Antignani, Paolo Cornale, Jacopo Nava, Guochen Dong, and Kai Qu
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 361–372, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-361-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-361-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we have applied the elastic geobarometry approach to a Chinese diamond in order to determine the depth of formation of an olivine-bearing diamond. Together with the temperature of residence at which the diamond resided in the mantle, we were able to discover that the diamond was formed at about 190 km depth. Beyond the geological meaning of our results, this work could be a reference paper for future works on Chinese diamonds using elastic geobarometry.
Shashank Prabha-Mohan, Kenneth T. Koga, Antoine Mathieu, Franck Pointud, and Diego F. Narvaez
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 321–331, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-321-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents an in-depth description of a new design for a high-temperature gas-mixing furnace using a mixture of CO–CO2–SO2. It has been designed and built with user safety in mind. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 °C. This furnace sets itself apart with its size and unique quench mechanism. Crucially, the apparatus has the ability to change the gas mixture during an experiment. This feature allows the user to simulate natural environments, such as volcanoes.
Lennart Koch and Burkhard C. Schmidt
Eur. J. Mineral., 35, 117–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile diffusivities in silicate melts control the nucleation and growth of bubbles in ascending magma. We investigated the diffusion of CO2 in an anhydrous and hydrous leucititic melt at high temperatures and high pressure. CO2 diffusion profiles were measured via attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CO2 diffusion increases with increasing temperature and water content. The data can be used to understand the CO2 degassing behaviour of leucititic melts.
Melanie J. Sieber, Max Wilke, Oona Appelt, Marcus Oelze, and Monika Koch-Müller
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 411–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonates reduce the melting point of the mantle, and carbonate melts produced in low-degree melting of a carbonated mantle are considered the precursor of CO2-rich magmas. We established experimentally the melting relations of carbonates up to 9 GPa, showing that Mg-carbonates melt incongruently to periclase and carbonate melt. The trace element signature of carbonate melts parental to kimberlites is approached by melting of Mg-rich carbonates.
Roxane Buso, Didier Laporte, Federica Schiavi, Nicolas Cluzel, and Claire Fonquernie
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 325–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Magmas transport large amounts of CO2 from Earth's mantle into the atmosphere and thus contribute significantly to the global carbon cycle. We have developed an experimental method to homogenize at high pressure small liquid droplets trapped in magmatic crystals to gain access to the initial composition of the parental magma (major and volatile elements). With this technique, we show that magmas produced by melting of the subcontinental mantle contain several weight percent of CO2.
Carla Tiraboschi, Francesca Miozzi, and Simone Tumiati
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 59–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-59-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-59-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This review provides an overview of ex situ carbon-saturated COH fluid experiments at upper-mantle conditions. Several authors experimentally investigated the effect of COH fluids. However, fluid composition is rarely tackled as a quantitative issue, and rather infrequently fluids are analyzed as the associated solid phases in the experimental assemblage. Recently, improved techniques have been proposed for analyses of COH fluids, leading to significant advancement in fluid characterization.
Enrico Cannaò, Massimo Tiepolo, Giulio Borghini, Antonio Langone, and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 35–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-35-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amphibole–liquid partitioning of elements of geological relevance is experimentally derived at conditions compatible with those of the Earth's upper mantle. Experiments are carried out at different oxygen fugacity conditions and variable Cl content in order to investigate their influence on the amphibole–liquid partition coefficients. Our results point to the capability of amphibole to act as filter for trace elements at upper-mantle conditions, oxidized conditions, and Cl-rich environments.
Enrico Cannaò, Federica Schiavi, Giulia Casiraghi, Massimo Tiepolo, and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 34, 19–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-19-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-19-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms ruling water incorporation in amphibole is essential to understand how much water can be fixed at upper-mantle conditions by this mineral. We provide the experimental evidence of the Cl effect on the oxo-substitution and the incorporation of water in amphibole. Finally, we highlight the versatility of confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool to quantify water in amphibole.
Michael C. Jollands, Hugh St.C. O'Neill, Andrew J. Berry, Charles Le Losq, Camille Rivard, and Jörg Hermann
Eur. J. Mineral., 33, 113–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How, and how fast, does hydrogen move through crystals? We consider this question by adding hydrogen, by diffusion, to synthetic crystals of olivine doped with trace amounts of chromium. Even in a highly simplified system, the behaviour of hydrogen is complex. Hydrogen can move into and through the crystal using various pathways (different defects within the crystal) and hop between these pathways too.
Joana Polednia, Ralf Dohmen, and Katharina Marquardt
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 675–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Grain boundary diffusion is orders of magnitude faster compared to volume diffusion. We studied this fast transport process in a well-defined garnet grain boundary. State-of-the-art microscopy was used for quantification. A dedicated numerical diffusion model shows that iron diffusion requires the operation of two diffusion modes, one fast, one slow. We conclude that impurity bulk diffusion in garnet aggregates is always dominated by grain boundary diffusion.
Giulio Borghini and Patrizia Fumagalli
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 251–264, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-251-2020, 2020
Alan B. Woodland, Andrei V. Girnis, Vadim K. Bulatov, Gerhard P. Brey, and Heidi E. Höfer
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-171-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We experimentally explored direct entrapment of breyite (CaSiO3) by diamond at upper-mantle conditions in a model subducted sediment rather than formation by retrogression of CaSiO3 perovskite, implying a deeper origin. Anhydrous low-T melting of CaCO3+SiO2 precludes breyite formation. Under hydrous conditions, reduction of melt results in graphite with breyite. Thus, breyite inclusions in natural diamond may form from aragonite + coesite or carbonate melt at 6–8 GPa via reduction with water.
Cited articles
Armstron, J. T.: CITZAFF: A package of correction programs for the quantitative electron microbeam X-ray analysis of thick polished materials, thin films, and particles, Microbeam Anal., 4, 177–200, 1995.
Aslandukov, A., Aslandukov, M., Dubrovinskaia, N., and Dubrovinsky, L.: Domain Auto Finder (DAFi) program: the analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from polycrystalline samples, J. Appl. Crystal., 55, 1383–1391, 2022.
Bindi, L., Sirotkina, E., Bobrov, A. V., and Irifune, T.: X-ray single-crystal structural charaterization of MgCr2O4, a post-spinel phase synthesised at 23 GPa and 1600 °C, J. Phys. Chem. Solid., 75, 638–641, 2014.
Bindi, L., Sirotkina, E., Bobrov, A. V., and Irifune, T.: Structural and chemical characterization of Mg[(Cr,Mg)(Si,Mg)]O4, a new post-spinel phase with sixfold-corrdinated silicaon, Am. Mineral., 100, 1633–1636, 2015.
Boffa Ballaran, T., Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A. B., and Frost, D. J.: Complete substitution of Fe2+ by Mg in Fe4O5: The crystal structure of the Mg2Fe2O5 end-member, Am. Mineral., 100, 628–632, 2015.
Brey, G. P., Bulatov, V., and Girnis, A.: Geobarometry for peridotites: experiments in simple and natural systems from 6 to 10 GPa, J. Petrol., 49, 3–24, 2008.
Chen, M., Shu, J., Xie, X., and Mao, H.-K.: Natural CaTi2O4-structure FeCr2O4 polymorph in Suizhou meteorite and its significance in mantle mineralogy, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 3937–3942, 2003a.
Chen, M., Shu, J., Mao, H.-K., Xie, X., and Hemley, R. J.: Natural occurrence and synthesis of two new postspinel polymorphs of chromite, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 14651–14654, 2003b.
Decker, B. F. and Kasper, J. S.: The structure of calcium ferrite, Acta Cryst., 10, 332–337, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X5700095X, 1957.
Dieckmann, R.: Defects and Cation Diffusion in Magnetite (IV): Nonstoichiometry and Point Defect Structure of Magnetite (Fe3−δO4). Bericht der Bunsenges, J. Phys. Chem.-US, 86, 112–118, 1982.
Dubrovinsky, L. S., Dubrovinskaia, N. A., McCammon, C., Rozenberg, G. Kh., Ahuja, R., Osorio-Guillen, J. M., Dmitriev, V., Weber, H.-P., Le Bihan, T., and Johansson, B.: The structure of the metallic high-pressure Fe3O4 polymorph: experimental and theoretical study, J. Phys. Cond. Mat., 15, 7697–7706, 2003.
Enomoto, A., Kojitani, H., Akaogi, M., Miura, H., and Yusa, H.: High-pressure transitions in MgAl2O4 and a new high-pressure phase of Mg2Al2O5, J. Solid State Chem., 182, 389–395, 2009.
Evrard, O., Malaman, B., Jeannot, F., Courtois, A., Alebouyeh, H., and Gerardin, R.: Mise en évidence de CaFe4O6 et détermination des structures cristallines des ferrites de calcium CaFe2+nO4+n (n=1, 2, 3): nouvel exemple d'intercroissance, J. Solid State Chem., 35, 112–119, 1980.
Fei, Y. W., Frost, D. J., Mao, H. K., Prewitt, C. T., and Häusermann, D.: In situ structure determination of the high-pressure phase of Fe3O4, Am. Mineral., 84, 203–206, 1999.
Hazen, R. M.: Effects of temperature and pressure on the cell dimension and X-ray temperature factors of periclase, Am. Mineral., 61, 266–271, 1976.
Hikosaka, K., Sinmyo, R., Hirose, K., Ishii, T., and Ohishi, Y.: The stability of Fe5O6 and Fe4O5 at high pressure and temperature, Am. Mineral., 104, 1356–1359, 2019.
Inoue, T., Irfune, T., Higo, Y., Sanehira, T., Sueda, Y., Yamada, A., Shinmei, T., Yamazaki, D., Ando, J., Funakoshi, K., and Utsumi, W.: The phase boundary between wadsleyite and ringwoodite in Mg2SiO4 determined by in situ Xray diffraction, Phys. Chem. Miner., 33, 106–114, 2006.
Ishii, T., Kojitani, H., Tsukamoto, S., Fujino, K., Mori, D., Inaguma, Y., Tsujino, N., Yoshino, T., Yamazaki, D., Higo, Y., Funakoshi, K., and Akaogi, M.: High-pressure phase transitions in FeCr2O4 and structure analysis of new post-spinel FeCr2O4 and Fe2Cr2O5 phases with meteoritical and petrological implications, Am. Mineral., 99, 1788–1797, 2014.
Ishii, T., Kojitani, H., Fujino, K., Yusa, H., Mori, D., Inaguma, Y., Matsushita, Y., Yamaura, K., and Akaogi, M.: High-pressure high-temperature transitions in MgCr2O4 and crystal structures of new Mg2Cr2O5 and post-spinel MgCr2O4 phases with implications for ultrahigh-pressure chromitites in ophiolites, Am. Mineral., 100, 59–65, 2015.
Ishii, T., Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A., Alig, E., and Boffa Ballaran, T.: Synthesis and crystal structure of Mg-bearing Fe9O11: New insight in the complexity of Fe-Mg oxides at conditions of the deep upper mantle, Am. Mineral., 103, 1873–1876, 2018.
Ishii, T., Miyajima, N., Sinmyo, R., Kojitani, H., Mori, D., Inaguma, Y., and Akaogi, M.: Discovery of new-structured post-spinel MgFe2O4: Crystal structure and high-pressure phase relations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL087490, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087490, 2020.
Jacob, D. E., Piazolo, S., Schreiber, A., and Trimby, P.: Redox-freezing and nucleation of diamond via magnetite formation in the Earth's mantle, Nat. Commun., 7, 11891, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11891, 2016.
Keppler, H. and Frost, D. J.: Introduction to minerals under extreme conditions, in: Mineral Behaviour at Extreme Conditions, EMU Notes in Mineralogy, Heidelberg, Germany, 7, 1–30, https://doi.org/101180/EMU-notes.7, 2005.
Larson, A. C. and Von Dreele, R. B.: General structure analysis system (GSAS), Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, LAUR, 86–748, 2000.
Lavina, B., Dera, P., Kim, E., Meng, Y., Downs, R. T., Weck, P. F., Sutton, S. R., and Zhao, Y.: Discovery of the recoverable high-pressure iron oxide Fe4O5, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 17281–17285, 2011.
Lavina, B. and Meng, Y.: Unraveling the complexity of iron oxides at high pressure and temperature: Synthesis of Fe5O6, Sci. Adv., 1, e1400260, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400260, 2015.
Lenaz, D., Skogby, H., Princivalle, F., and Hålenius, U.: Structural changes and valence states in the MgCr2O4–FeCr2O4 solid solution series, Phys. Chem. Miner., 31, 633–642, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-004-0420-0, 2004.
Matrasova, E. A., Bobrov, A. V., Bindi, L., and Irifune, T.: Phase relations in the model system SiO2–MgO–Cr2O3: Evidence from results of experiments in petrologicaly significant sections at 12–24 GPa and 1600 °C, Petrology, 26, 588–598, 2018.
Myhill, B., Ojwang, D. O., Ziberna, L., Frost, D., Boffa Ballaran, T., and Miyajima, N.: On the P-T-fO2 stability of Fe4O5 and Fe5O6-rich phases: a thermodynamic and experimental study, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 171, 1–11, 2016.
Nimis, P., Angel, R.J., Alvaro, M., Nestola, F., Harris, J. W., Casati, N., and Marone, F.: Crystallographic orientations of magnesiochromite inclusions in diamonds: what do they tell us?, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 174, 29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-019-1559-5, 2019.
O'Neill, H. S. T. C., and Dollase, W. A.: Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnCr2O4, Phys. Chem. Miner., 20, 541–555, 1994.
Palot, M., Jacobsen, S. D., Townsend, J. P., Nestola, F., Marquardt, K., Miyajima, N., Harris, J. W., Stachel, T., McCammon, C. A., and Pearson, D. G.: Evidence for H2O-bearing fluids in the lower mantle from diamond inclusion, Lithos, 265, 237–243, 2016.
Schollenbruch, K., Woodland, A. B., and Frost, D. J.: The stability of hercynite at high pressures and temperatures, Phys. Chem. Miner., 37, 137–143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-009-0317-z, 2010.
Schollenbruch, K., Woodland, A. B., Frost, D. J., Wang, Y., Sanehira, T., and Langenhorst, F.: In situ determination of the spinel – post-spinel transition in Fe3O4 at high temperature and pressure by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Am. Mineral., 96, 820–827, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2011.3642, 2011.
Shannon, R. D.: Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides, Acta Cryst., A32, 751–767, 1976.
Sinmyo, R., Bykova, E., Ovsyannikov, S. V., McCammon, C., Kupenko, I., Ismailova, L., and Dubrovinsky, L.: Discovery of Fe7O9: a new iron oxide with a complex monoclinic structure, Sci. Rep., 6, 32852, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32852, 2016.
Sirotkina, E. A., Bobrov, A. V., Bindi, L., and Irifune, T.: Chromium-bearing phases in the Earth's mantle: Evidence from experiments in the Mg2SiO4–MgCr2O4 system at 10–24 GPa and 1600 °C, Am. Mineral., 103, 151–160, 2018.
Stachel, T. and Harris, J. W.: The origin of cratonic diamonds – Constraints from mineral inclusions, Ore Geol. Rev., 34, 5–32, 2008.
Stachel, T., Harris, J. W., and Brey, G. P.: Rare and unusual mineral inclusions in diamonds from Mwadui, Tanzania, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 132, 34–47, 1998.
Stachel, T., Harris, J. W., Brey, G. P., and Joswig, W.: Kankan diamonds (Guinea): II. Lower mantle inclusion paragenesis, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 140, 34–47, 2000.
Stachel, T., Harris, J. W., Tappert, R., and Brey, G. P.: Peridotitic diamonds from the Slave and Kaapvaal cratons – similarities and differences based on a preliminary data set, Lithos, 71, 489–503, 2003.
Toby, B. H.: EXPGUI, a graphical user interface for GSAS. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 34, 210–213, 2001.
Trots, D. M., Kurnosov, A., Woodland, A. B., and Frost, D. J.: The thermal breakdown of Fe4O5 at ambient pressure, European Mineralogical Conference, 2–6 September 2012, Frankfurt, Germany, EMC2012-556-1, 2012.
Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A. B., Boffa Ballaran, T., Miyajima, N., and Frost, D. J.: Phase relations of MgFe2O4 at conditions of the deep upper mantle and transition zone, Am. Mineral., 102, 632–642, 2017a.
Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A. B., Boffa Ballaran, T., Miyajima, N., and Frost, D. J.: Phase relations of Fe-Mg spinels including new high-pressure post-spinel phases and implications for natural samples, Am. Mineral., 102, 2054–2064, 2017b.
Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A. B., Miyajima, N., Boffa Ballaran, T., and Frost, D. J.: Behavior of Fe4O5−Mg2Fe2O5 solid solutions and their relation to coexisting Mg-Fe silicates and oxide phases, Contrib. Mineral. Petr., 173, 20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-018-1443-8, 2018.
Uenver-Thiele, L., Woodland, A. B., Miyajima, N., Boffa Ballaran, T., Alig, E., and Fink, L.: High-P-T phase relations of Al-bearing magnetite: Post-spinel phases as indicators for P-T conditions of formation of natural samples, Am. Mineral., 109, 1062–1073, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-8948, 2024.
Wirth, R., Dobrzhinetskaya, L., Harte, B., Schreiber, A., and Green, H. W.: High-Fe (Mg, Fe)O inclusion in diamond apparently from the lowermost mantle, Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett., 404, 365–375, 2014.
Woodland, A. B., Frost, D. J., Trots, D. M., Klimm, K., and Mezouar, M.: In situ observation of the breakdown of magnetite (Fe3O4) to Fe4O5 and hematite at high pressures and temperatures, Am. Mineral., 97, 1808–1811, 2012.
Woodland, A. B., Schollenbruch, K., Koch, M., Boffa Ballaran, T., Angel, R. J., and Frost, D. J.: Fe4O5 and its solid solutions in several simple systems, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 166, 1677–1686, 2013.
Woodland, A. B., Uenver-Thiele, L., and Boffa Ballaran, T.: Synthesis of Fe5O6 and the High-Pressure Stability of Fe2+-Fe3+-oxides related to Fe4O5, Goldschmidt Abs, 2015, 3446, 2015.
Woodland, A. B., Uenver-Thiele, L., Boffa Ballaran, T., Miyajima, N., Rosbach, K., and Ishii, T.: Stability of Fe5O6 and its relation to other Fe-Mg oxides at high pressures and temperatures, Am. Mineral., 108, 140–149, 2023.
Short summary
We experimentally investigated the behavior of chrome in high-pressure post-spinel oxide phases. Only minor amounts of Cr can be incorporated into Fe5O6. But there is full solid solution between Fe4O5 and Fe2Cr2O5 and Mg2Fe2O5 and Mg2Cr2O5, in spite of a phase transition occurring in the middle of the compositional range. Our results provide further constraints on the formation of such oxide phases in extraterrestrial materials and inclusions in natural diamonds.
We experimentally investigated the behavior of chrome in high-pressure post-spinel oxide phases....
Special issue